The Reliability and Validity of an Instrumented Device for Tracking the Shoulder Range of Motion
Rotator cuff tears are common in individuals over 40, and physical therapy is often prescribed post-surgery. However, access can be limited by cost, convenience, and insurance coverage. CuffLink is a telehealth rehabilitation system that integrates the Strengthening and Stabilization System mechanic...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3818 |
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| author | Rachel E. Roos Jennifer Lambiase Michelle Riffitts Leslie Scholle Simran Kulkarni Connor L. Luck Dharma Parmanto Vayu Putraadinatha Made D. Yoga Stephany N. Lang Erica Tatko Jim Grant Jennifer I. Oakley Ashley Disantis Andi Saptono Bambang Parmanto Adam Popchak Michael P. McClincy Kevin M. Bell |
| author_facet | Rachel E. Roos Jennifer Lambiase Michelle Riffitts Leslie Scholle Simran Kulkarni Connor L. Luck Dharma Parmanto Vayu Putraadinatha Made D. Yoga Stephany N. Lang Erica Tatko Jim Grant Jennifer I. Oakley Ashley Disantis Andi Saptono Bambang Parmanto Adam Popchak Michael P. McClincy Kevin M. Bell |
| author_sort | Rachel E. Roos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rotator cuff tears are common in individuals over 40, and physical therapy is often prescribed post-surgery. However, access can be limited by cost, convenience, and insurance coverage. CuffLink is a telehealth rehabilitation system that integrates the Strengthening and Stabilization System mechanical exerciser with the interACTION mobile health platform. The system includes a triple-axis accelerometer (LSM6DSOX + LIS3MDL FeatherWing), a rotary encoder, a VL530X time-of-flight sensor, and two wearable BioMech Health IMUs to capture upper-limb motion. CuffLink is designed to facilitate controlled, home-based exercise while enabling clinicians to remotely monitor joint function. Concurrent validity and test–retest reliability were used to assess device accuracy and repeatability. The results showed moderate to good validity for shoulder rotation (ICC = 0.81), device rotation (ICC = 0.94), and linear tracking (from zero: ICC = 0.75 and RMSE = 2.41; from start: ICC = 0.88 and RMSE = 2.02) and good reliability (e.g., RMSEs as low as 1.66 cm), with greater consistency in linear tracking compared to angular measures. Shoulder rotation and abduction exhibited higher variability in both validity and reliability measures. Future improvements will focus on manufacturability, signal stability, and force sensing. CuffLink supports accessible, data-driven rehabilitation and holds promise for advancing digital health in orthopedic recovery. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9357eadb5f0a471cacade0c0ada98bb3 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-9357eadb5f0a471cacade0c0ada98bb32025-08-20T02:21:47ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512381810.3390/s25123818The Reliability and Validity of an Instrumented Device for Tracking the Shoulder Range of MotionRachel E. Roos0Jennifer Lambiase1Michelle Riffitts2Leslie Scholle3Simran Kulkarni4Connor L. Luck5Dharma Parmanto6Vayu Putraadinatha7Made D. Yoga8Stephany N. Lang9Erica Tatko10Jim Grant11Jennifer I. Oakley12Ashley Disantis13Andi Saptono14Bambang Parmanto15Adam Popchak16Michael P. McClincy17Kevin M. Bell18Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USAēlizur, Pittsburgh, PA 15237, USADepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USADepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USADepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USADepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USADepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USAēlizur, Pittsburgh, PA 15237, USAēlizur, Pittsburgh, PA 15237, USAēlizur, Pittsburgh, PA 15237, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USADepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USADepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USADepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USARotator cuff tears are common in individuals over 40, and physical therapy is often prescribed post-surgery. However, access can be limited by cost, convenience, and insurance coverage. CuffLink is a telehealth rehabilitation system that integrates the Strengthening and Stabilization System mechanical exerciser with the interACTION mobile health platform. The system includes a triple-axis accelerometer (LSM6DSOX + LIS3MDL FeatherWing), a rotary encoder, a VL530X time-of-flight sensor, and two wearable BioMech Health IMUs to capture upper-limb motion. CuffLink is designed to facilitate controlled, home-based exercise while enabling clinicians to remotely monitor joint function. Concurrent validity and test–retest reliability were used to assess device accuracy and repeatability. The results showed moderate to good validity for shoulder rotation (ICC = 0.81), device rotation (ICC = 0.94), and linear tracking (from zero: ICC = 0.75 and RMSE = 2.41; from start: ICC = 0.88 and RMSE = 2.02) and good reliability (e.g., RMSEs as low as 1.66 cm), with greater consistency in linear tracking compared to angular measures. Shoulder rotation and abduction exhibited higher variability in both validity and reliability measures. Future improvements will focus on manufacturability, signal stability, and force sensing. CuffLink supports accessible, data-driven rehabilitation and holds promise for advancing digital health in orthopedic recovery.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3818rotator cuff repairvalidityreliabilityinertial measurement unit |
| spellingShingle | Rachel E. Roos Jennifer Lambiase Michelle Riffitts Leslie Scholle Simran Kulkarni Connor L. Luck Dharma Parmanto Vayu Putraadinatha Made D. Yoga Stephany N. Lang Erica Tatko Jim Grant Jennifer I. Oakley Ashley Disantis Andi Saptono Bambang Parmanto Adam Popchak Michael P. McClincy Kevin M. Bell The Reliability and Validity of an Instrumented Device for Tracking the Shoulder Range of Motion Sensors rotator cuff repair validity reliability inertial measurement unit |
| title | The Reliability and Validity of an Instrumented Device for Tracking the Shoulder Range of Motion |
| title_full | The Reliability and Validity of an Instrumented Device for Tracking the Shoulder Range of Motion |
| title_fullStr | The Reliability and Validity of an Instrumented Device for Tracking the Shoulder Range of Motion |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Reliability and Validity of an Instrumented Device for Tracking the Shoulder Range of Motion |
| title_short | The Reliability and Validity of an Instrumented Device for Tracking the Shoulder Range of Motion |
| title_sort | reliability and validity of an instrumented device for tracking the shoulder range of motion |
| topic | rotator cuff repair validity reliability inertial measurement unit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3818 |
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