Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Modifies the Antimicrobial Activity and Oxidative Stress Generated by Ciprofloxacin in <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Modifies the Antimicrobial Activity and Oxidative Stress Generated by Ciprofloxacin in <i>Escherichia coli</i>

The accelerated increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration is one of the most pressing problems at present. It is possible that this increase causes slight modifications in intracellular CO<sub>2</sub>. The aim of this work was to determine whether CO<sub>2<...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Viviana Cano Aristizábal, Elia Soledad Mendoza Ocampo, Melisa de los Ángeles Quinteros, María Gabriela Paraje, Paulina Laura Páez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Pathogens
Subjects:
carbon dioxide
ciprofloxacin
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
reactive oxygen species
reactive nitrogen species
antioxidant mechanisms
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/7/689
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Summary:The accelerated increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration is one of the most pressing problems at present. It is possible that this increase causes slight modifications in intracellular CO<sub>2</sub>. The aim of this work was to determine whether CO<sub>2</sub> at different concentrations can affect the oxidative damage caused by ciprofloxacin (CIP) in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and to evaluate the possible implications of this effect for human health. To identify the effects of CO<sub>2</sub> on the action of CIP, reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) species were measured at two different CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations while monitoring the bacterial antioxidant response. These assays showed that CO<sub>2</sub> led to a decrease in ROS formation relative to that under atmospheric conditions (ACs), while it had the opposite effect on RNS formation, which increased relative to that under ACs. Under CO<sub>2</sub> conditions, antioxidant defenses were less activated, with superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ferric reducing assay potency decreasing compared to those under ACs; however, reduced glutathione exhibited the opposite behavior. In the presence of CO<sub>2</sub>, the activity of CIP against <i>E. coli</i> was reduced relative to that under ACs. In conclusion, CO<sub>2</sub> interferes with the action of CIP in bacterial cells, generating changes in oxidative stress.
ISSN:2076-0817

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