4D Printing of magneto- and thermo-responsive, adaptive and multimodal soft robots
This study reports a set of adaptive and multimodal soft robots made of magneto-responsive shape memory polymers (MRSMPs) and magneto-responsive elastomers. A mechanically guided 4D printing method is proposed for programming the continuous and anisotropic magnetisation profiles of MRSMPs. Based on...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Virtual and Physical Prototyping |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2457025 |
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| author | Yuan Wang Hanlin Zhu Xin Ye Yangwen Ge Zhipan Jie Yan Zhao Chao Jiang |
| author_facet | Yuan Wang Hanlin Zhu Xin Ye Yangwen Ge Zhipan Jie Yan Zhao Chao Jiang |
| author_sort | Yuan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study reports a set of adaptive and multimodal soft robots made of magneto-responsive shape memory polymers (MRSMPs) and magneto-responsive elastomers. A mechanically guided 4D printing method is proposed for programming the continuous and anisotropic magnetisation profiles of MRSMPs. Based on this method, two kinds of magneto- and thermo-responsive, adaptive and multimodal soft robots using MRSMPs are fabricated. They exhibit multiple locomotion modes including crawling, rolling and waving, under different magneto- and thermo-stimulations, and possess excellent functionalities such as objects transportation. The Young's modulus of robots can change across orders of magnitude (0.2–500 MPa). Further, the multi-legged robot can change its locomotion mode in response to different stimulations, including a special walking mode realised by the smooth swing of legs. The robot can move in any direction on the ground smoothly and stably under the walking mode, and the stride can be precisely tuned from 2.6 to 8.4 mm. Our robots may find more applications in complex unstructured engineering environments by virtue of its multimodal locomotion and excellent adaptive performance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-93462a835f16430e8f8434758cb97211 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1745-2759 1745-2767 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virtual and Physical Prototyping |
| spelling | doaj-art-93462a835f16430e8f8434758cb972112025-01-29T21:00:36ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirtual and Physical Prototyping1745-27591745-27672025-12-0120110.1080/17452759.2025.24570254D Printing of magneto- and thermo-responsive, adaptive and multimodal soft robotsYuan Wang0Hanlin Zhu1Xin Ye2Yangwen Ge3Zhipan Jie4Yan Zhao5Chao Jiang6State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of ChinaThis study reports a set of adaptive and multimodal soft robots made of magneto-responsive shape memory polymers (MRSMPs) and magneto-responsive elastomers. A mechanically guided 4D printing method is proposed for programming the continuous and anisotropic magnetisation profiles of MRSMPs. Based on this method, two kinds of magneto- and thermo-responsive, adaptive and multimodal soft robots using MRSMPs are fabricated. They exhibit multiple locomotion modes including crawling, rolling and waving, under different magneto- and thermo-stimulations, and possess excellent functionalities such as objects transportation. The Young's modulus of robots can change across orders of magnitude (0.2–500 MPa). Further, the multi-legged robot can change its locomotion mode in response to different stimulations, including a special walking mode realised by the smooth swing of legs. The robot can move in any direction on the ground smoothly and stably under the walking mode, and the stride can be precisely tuned from 2.6 to 8.4 mm. Our robots may find more applications in complex unstructured engineering environments by virtue of its multimodal locomotion and excellent adaptive performance.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.24570254D printingmagneto-responsive shape memory polymerssoft robotmultimodal locomotionadaptive performance |
| spellingShingle | Yuan Wang Hanlin Zhu Xin Ye Yangwen Ge Zhipan Jie Yan Zhao Chao Jiang 4D Printing of magneto- and thermo-responsive, adaptive and multimodal soft robots Virtual and Physical Prototyping 4D printing magneto-responsive shape memory polymers soft robot multimodal locomotion adaptive performance |
| title | 4D Printing of magneto- and thermo-responsive, adaptive and multimodal soft robots |
| title_full | 4D Printing of magneto- and thermo-responsive, adaptive and multimodal soft robots |
| title_fullStr | 4D Printing of magneto- and thermo-responsive, adaptive and multimodal soft robots |
| title_full_unstemmed | 4D Printing of magneto- and thermo-responsive, adaptive and multimodal soft robots |
| title_short | 4D Printing of magneto- and thermo-responsive, adaptive and multimodal soft robots |
| title_sort | 4d printing of magneto and thermo responsive adaptive and multimodal soft robots |
| topic | 4D printing magneto-responsive shape memory polymers soft robot multimodal locomotion adaptive performance |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2457025 |
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