Transformative bioprinting: 4D printing and its role in the evolution of engineering and personalized medicine
Abstract Transformative bioprinting, particularly 4D printing, is revolutionizing the field of biofabrication, offering dynamic solutions that respond to external stimuli. This paper explores the underlying mechanisms, materials, and stimuli that enable 4D printing to fabricate responsive and adapti...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Discover Nano |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-025-04230-w |
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