Impact of Mesoscale Eddies on Acoustic Propagation Under a Rough Sea Surface
This study investigates the combined effects of mesoscale eddies and rough sea surfaces on acoustic propagation in the eastern Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden during summer monsoon conditions. Utilizing three-dimensional sound speed fields derived from CMEMS data, sea surface spectra from the SWAN wave...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/2036 |
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| author | Shaoze Zhang Jian Shi Xuhui Cao |
| author_facet | Shaoze Zhang Jian Shi Xuhui Cao |
| author_sort | Shaoze Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the combined effects of mesoscale eddies and rough sea surfaces on acoustic propagation in the eastern Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden during summer monsoon conditions. Utilizing three-dimensional sound speed fields derived from CMEMS data, sea surface spectra from the SWAN wave model validated by Jason-3 altimetry, and the BELLHOP ray-tracing model, we quantify their synergistic impacts on underwater sound. A Monte Carlo-based dynamic sea surface roughness model is integrated with BELLHOP to analyze multiphysics interactions. The results reveal that sea surface roughness significantly influences surface duct propagation, increasing transmission loss by approximately 20 dB compared to a smooth sea surface, while mesoscale eddies deepen the surface duct and widen convergence zones by up to 5 km. In deeper waters, eddies shift convergence zones and reduce peak sound intensity in the deep sound channel. These findings enhance sonar performance and underwater communication in dynamic, monsoon-influenced marine environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-933eace09d9e4b9bb7f811aaddab8ac4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-933eace09d9e4b9bb7f811aaddab8ac42025-08-20T03:29:47ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-06-011712203610.3390/rs17122036Impact of Mesoscale Eddies on Acoustic Propagation Under a Rough Sea SurfaceShaoze Zhang0Jian Shi1Xuhui Cao2College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410005, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410005, ChinaSchool of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, ChinaThis study investigates the combined effects of mesoscale eddies and rough sea surfaces on acoustic propagation in the eastern Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden during summer monsoon conditions. Utilizing three-dimensional sound speed fields derived from CMEMS data, sea surface spectra from the SWAN wave model validated by Jason-3 altimetry, and the BELLHOP ray-tracing model, we quantify their synergistic impacts on underwater sound. A Monte Carlo-based dynamic sea surface roughness model is integrated with BELLHOP to analyze multiphysics interactions. The results reveal that sea surface roughness significantly influences surface duct propagation, increasing transmission loss by approximately 20 dB compared to a smooth sea surface, while mesoscale eddies deepen the surface duct and widen convergence zones by up to 5 km. In deeper waters, eddies shift convergence zones and reduce peak sound intensity in the deep sound channel. These findings enhance sonar performance and underwater communication in dynamic, monsoon-influenced marine environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/2036numerical simulationmesoscale eddiesrough sea surfacesacoustic propagationmultiphysics coupling |
| spellingShingle | Shaoze Zhang Jian Shi Xuhui Cao Impact of Mesoscale Eddies on Acoustic Propagation Under a Rough Sea Surface Remote Sensing numerical simulation mesoscale eddies rough sea surfaces acoustic propagation multiphysics coupling |
| title | Impact of Mesoscale Eddies on Acoustic Propagation Under a Rough Sea Surface |
| title_full | Impact of Mesoscale Eddies on Acoustic Propagation Under a Rough Sea Surface |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Mesoscale Eddies on Acoustic Propagation Under a Rough Sea Surface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Mesoscale Eddies on Acoustic Propagation Under a Rough Sea Surface |
| title_short | Impact of Mesoscale Eddies on Acoustic Propagation Under a Rough Sea Surface |
| title_sort | impact of mesoscale eddies on acoustic propagation under a rough sea surface |
| topic | numerical simulation mesoscale eddies rough sea surfaces acoustic propagation multiphysics coupling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/2036 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shaozezhang impactofmesoscaleeddiesonacousticpropagationunderaroughseasurface AT jianshi impactofmesoscaleeddiesonacousticpropagationunderaroughseasurface AT xuhuicao impactofmesoscaleeddiesonacousticpropagationunderaroughseasurface |