Development and Optimization of a Cost-Effective Electrochemical Immunosensor for Rapid COVID-19 Diagnosis
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has created an urgent need for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic tools. In this study, an economical electrochemical immunosensor for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 was developed and optimized based on charge transfer resistance (Rct) values...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/2/67 |
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| Summary: | The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has created an urgent need for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic tools. In this study, an economical electrochemical immunosensor for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 was developed and optimized based on charge transfer resistance (Rct) values obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) from the interaction between antibodies (anti-SARS-CoV-2) immobilized as a bioreceptor and the virus (SARS-CoV-2). The sensor uses modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGE) coated with poly(4-hydroxybenzoic acid), anti-SARS-CoV-2, and silver nanoparticles. The immobilization of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was optimized at a concentration of 1:250 for 30 min, followed by blocking the surface with 0.01% bovine serum albumin for 10 min. The optimal conditions for virus detection in clinical samples were a 1:10 dilution with a response time of 20 min. The immunosensor responded linearly in the range of 0.2–2.5 × 10<sup>6</sup> particles/μL. From the relationship between the obtained signal and the concentration of the analyzed sample, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained were 1.21 <i>×</i> 10<sup>6</sup> and 4.04 <i>×</i> 10<sup>6</sup> particles/μL, respectively. The device did not cross-react with other viruses, including Influenza A and B, HIV, and Vaccinia virus. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the six immunosensors prepared using the shared-pool sample was 3.87. Decreases of 22.3% and 12.4% were observed in the response values of the ten immunosensors stored at 25 °C and 4.0 °C, respectively. The sensor provides timely and accurate results with high sensitivity and specificity, offering a cost-effective alternative to the existing diagnostic methods. |
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| ISSN: | 2079-6374 |