A comprehensive overview of fixed-volume hemorrhage effects in New Zealand White rabbit models
Background: Hemorrhagic shock is a life-threatening condition resulting from acute blood loss, leading to compromised tissue perfusion and organ dysfunction. Currently, the guidelines for categorizing and managing hemorrhagic shock in pets are based on protocols developed for humans. Aim: This...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tripoli University
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Open Veterinary Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=218464 |
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| author | Dwi Utari Rahmiati Gunanti Gunanti Deni Noviana Raden Harry Soehartono Eva Harlina |
| author_facet | Dwi Utari Rahmiati Gunanti Gunanti Deni Noviana Raden Harry Soehartono Eva Harlina |
| author_sort | Dwi Utari Rahmiati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:
Hemorrhagic shock is a life-threatening condition resulting from acute blood loss, leading to compromised tissue perfusion and organ dysfunction. Currently, the guidelines for categorizing and managing hemorrhagic shock in pets are based on protocols developed for humans.
Aim:
This study employed New Zealand White rabbits as an animal model to systematically evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses to fixed-volume hemorrhage, aiming to establish its role in inducing shock and significant physiological alterations.
Methods:
A total of 21 New Zealand White rabbits, weighing 2-3 kg, were subjected to controlled hemorrhage by withdrawing 30-35% of their total blood volume via the auricular artery using a 24G IV catheter over 15 minutes. Parameters were assessed at baseline and at 45 minutes post-induction.
Results:
Hemorrhage induced significant increases in heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), reflecting compensatory mechanisms to maintain perfusion during shock. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood pressure significantly declined, consistent with hemorrhagic shock. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) initially decreased and showed a partial recovery over time. All hematological variables decreased. Coagulopathy was evidenced by prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Elevated lactate levels indicated a shift to anaerobic metabolism due to hypoxia. The increase in IL-10 and TNF-α suggested an adaptive anti-inflammatory response to mitigate excessive inflammation.
Conclusion:
Fixed-volume hemorrhage in New Zealand White rabbits induces physiological changes characteristic of hemorrhagic shock, providing valuable insights into the pathophysiological responses to acute blood loss. [Open Vet J 2025; 15(3.000): 1253-1263] |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-933a804db16845f182e397a1056fdf38 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2226-4485 2218-6050 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Tripoli University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Veterinary Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-933a804db16845f182e397a1056fdf382025-08-20T02:11:58ZengTripoli UniversityOpen Veterinary Journal2226-44852218-60502025-03-011531253126310.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.17218464A comprehensive overview of fixed-volume hemorrhage effects in New Zealand White rabbit modelsDwi Utari Rahmiati0Gunanti Gunanti1Deni Noviana2Raden Harry Soehartono3Eva Harlina4School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB UniversityBackground: Hemorrhagic shock is a life-threatening condition resulting from acute blood loss, leading to compromised tissue perfusion and organ dysfunction. Currently, the guidelines for categorizing and managing hemorrhagic shock in pets are based on protocols developed for humans. Aim: This study employed New Zealand White rabbits as an animal model to systematically evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses to fixed-volume hemorrhage, aiming to establish its role in inducing shock and significant physiological alterations. Methods: A total of 21 New Zealand White rabbits, weighing 2-3 kg, were subjected to controlled hemorrhage by withdrawing 30-35% of their total blood volume via the auricular artery using a 24G IV catheter over 15 minutes. Parameters were assessed at baseline and at 45 minutes post-induction. Results: Hemorrhage induced significant increases in heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), reflecting compensatory mechanisms to maintain perfusion during shock. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood pressure significantly declined, consistent with hemorrhagic shock. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) initially decreased and showed a partial recovery over time. All hematological variables decreased. Coagulopathy was evidenced by prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Elevated lactate levels indicated a shift to anaerobic metabolism due to hypoxia. The increase in IL-10 and TNF-α suggested an adaptive anti-inflammatory response to mitigate excessive inflammation. Conclusion: Fixed-volume hemorrhage in New Zealand White rabbits induces physiological changes characteristic of hemorrhagic shock, providing valuable insights into the pathophysiological responses to acute blood loss. [Open Vet J 2025; 15(3.000): 1253-1263]http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=218464animal modelcoagulationfixed volumehemorrhageinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Dwi Utari Rahmiati Gunanti Gunanti Deni Noviana Raden Harry Soehartono Eva Harlina A comprehensive overview of fixed-volume hemorrhage effects in New Zealand White rabbit models Open Veterinary Journal animal model coagulation fixed volume hemorrhage inflammation |
| title | A comprehensive overview of fixed-volume hemorrhage effects in New Zealand White rabbit models |
| title_full | A comprehensive overview of fixed-volume hemorrhage effects in New Zealand White rabbit models |
| title_fullStr | A comprehensive overview of fixed-volume hemorrhage effects in New Zealand White rabbit models |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comprehensive overview of fixed-volume hemorrhage effects in New Zealand White rabbit models |
| title_short | A comprehensive overview of fixed-volume hemorrhage effects in New Zealand White rabbit models |
| title_sort | comprehensive overview of fixed volume hemorrhage effects in new zealand white rabbit models |
| topic | animal model coagulation fixed volume hemorrhage inflammation |
| url | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=218464 |
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