Grief among relatives of disappeared persons in the context of state violence: an impossible process?

Introduction: During the dictatorships in Latin America, States allied by the Condor Operation used enforced disappearance as a political weapon to spread terror within society. Enforced disappearance is a crime against humanity. According to the OHCHR International Convention, the relatives of disa...

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Main Authors: Manon Bourguignon, Alice Dermitzel, Muriel Katz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims 2021-12-01
Series:Torture
Subjects:
Online Access:https://tidsskrift.dk/torture-journal/article/view/127344
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author Manon Bourguignon
Alice Dermitzel
Muriel Katz
author_facet Manon Bourguignon
Alice Dermitzel
Muriel Katz
author_sort Manon Bourguignon
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: During the dictatorships in Latin America, States allied by the Condor Operation used enforced disappearance as a political weapon to spread terror within society. Enforced disappearance is a crime against humanity. According to the OHCHR International Convention, the relatives of disappeared persons are recognized as direct victims. The impact of this crime on families remains a topical issue. Methods: We conducted a narrative literature review focusing firstly on the impact of enforced disappearance on the relatives and secondly on the specificity of the grieving process for relatives of disappeared persons. Results and discussion: The literature concerning enforced disappearance allows us to make an inventory of interconnected features explaining the phenomenon of enforced disappearance in the context of state violence. We also emphasize the extensive terminology used to qualify grief among relatives of disappeared persons and the specificity of time in this context. We highlight factors that could jeopardize the grieving process. Conclusions: The literature clearly shows the political, social and legal issues of enforced disappearance. Relatives of a disappeared person are endlessly confronted with uncertainty, exacerbated by impunity. In this case, time does not seem to support the grieving process. On the contrary, time can reactivate the injury of loss because the disappeared is condemned to an eternally provisional status. Enforced disappearance is an endless torture for some families: its impact on the grieving process deserves further research.
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spelling doaj-art-933a1c33205f49199df7cb657fe124582025-08-20T03:44:21ZengInternational Rehabilitation Council for Torture VictimsTorture1018-81851997-33222021-12-01312143310.7146/torture.v31i2.127344120519Grief among relatives of disappeared persons in the context of state violence: an impossible process?Manon Bourguignon0Alice Dermitzel1Muriel Katz2University of LausanneUniversity of Lausanne in SwitzerlandUniversity of Lausanne in SwitzerlandIntroduction: During the dictatorships in Latin America, States allied by the Condor Operation used enforced disappearance as a political weapon to spread terror within society. Enforced disappearance is a crime against humanity. According to the OHCHR International Convention, the relatives of disappeared persons are recognized as direct victims. The impact of this crime on families remains a topical issue. Methods: We conducted a narrative literature review focusing firstly on the impact of enforced disappearance on the relatives and secondly on the specificity of the grieving process for relatives of disappeared persons. Results and discussion: The literature concerning enforced disappearance allows us to make an inventory of interconnected features explaining the phenomenon of enforced disappearance in the context of state violence. We also emphasize the extensive terminology used to qualify grief among relatives of disappeared persons and the specificity of time in this context. We highlight factors that could jeopardize the grieving process. Conclusions: The literature clearly shows the political, social and legal issues of enforced disappearance. Relatives of a disappeared person are endlessly confronted with uncertainty, exacerbated by impunity. In this case, time does not seem to support the grieving process. On the contrary, time can reactivate the injury of loss because the disappeared is condemned to an eternally provisional status. Enforced disappearance is an endless torture for some families: its impact on the grieving process deserves further research.https://tidsskrift.dk/torture-journal/article/view/127344enforced disappearancestate violencegriefpsychological impactcrime against humanityrelatives
spellingShingle Manon Bourguignon
Alice Dermitzel
Muriel Katz
Grief among relatives of disappeared persons in the context of state violence: an impossible process?
Torture
enforced disappearance
state violence
grief
psychological impact
crime against humanity
relatives
title Grief among relatives of disappeared persons in the context of state violence: an impossible process?
title_full Grief among relatives of disappeared persons in the context of state violence: an impossible process?
title_fullStr Grief among relatives of disappeared persons in the context of state violence: an impossible process?
title_full_unstemmed Grief among relatives of disappeared persons in the context of state violence: an impossible process?
title_short Grief among relatives of disappeared persons in the context of state violence: an impossible process?
title_sort grief among relatives of disappeared persons in the context of state violence an impossible process
topic enforced disappearance
state violence
grief
psychological impact
crime against humanity
relatives
url https://tidsskrift.dk/torture-journal/article/view/127344
work_keys_str_mv AT manonbourguignon griefamongrelativesofdisappearedpersonsinthecontextofstateviolenceanimpossibleprocess
AT alicedermitzel griefamongrelativesofdisappearedpersonsinthecontextofstateviolenceanimpossibleprocess
AT murielkatz griefamongrelativesofdisappearedpersonsinthecontextofstateviolenceanimpossibleprocess