Energy Metabolite, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Rumen Microbiota Differences Between Ewes in Late Gestation Carrying Single, Twin, and Triplet Fetuses

The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in the energy metabolites, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and rumen microbiota of ewes with different numbers of fetuses. Thirty healthy ewes were selected and divided into single- (SL, <i>n</i> = 10), twin- (TL, <i>n&...

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Main Authors: Jiaxin Chen, Chunhui Duan, Sicong Yue, Xiaona Liu, Jinhui Li, Yingjie Zhang, Yueqin Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3326
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author Jiaxin Chen
Chunhui Duan
Sicong Yue
Xiaona Liu
Jinhui Li
Yingjie Zhang
Yueqin Liu
author_facet Jiaxin Chen
Chunhui Duan
Sicong Yue
Xiaona Liu
Jinhui Li
Yingjie Zhang
Yueqin Liu
author_sort Jiaxin Chen
collection DOAJ
description The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in the energy metabolites, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and rumen microbiota of ewes with different numbers of fetuses. Thirty healthy ewes were selected and divided into single- (SL, <i>n</i> = 10), twin- (TL, <i>n</i> = 10), and triplet-fetal (PL, <i>n</i> = 10) ewes according to the number of fetuses. Sampling was carried out on days 21 (Q21) and 7 (Q7) before lambing. The results show no differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in the DMI and BW of ewes with different numbers of fetuses, and the body condition score (BCS) of PL ewes was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than that of SL ewes. The concentrations of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the PL ewes were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) values were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those of the SL ewes. ANOSIM analysis showed that the rumen bacterial structure of the SL, TL, and PL ewes was different on days Q21 and Q7. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota in the rumen was affected (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by the number of fetuses: the relative abundance of Firmicutes (<i>Ruminococcus</i>, <i>Butyrivibrio</i>, <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group</i>, and <i>Anaeroplasma</i>) was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while that of Bacteroidota (<i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-003</i>, and <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001</i>) was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the SL ewes than in the PL ewes. In summary, the rumen microbial structure and energy metabolites of ewes in late gestation with different numbers of fetuses were different. Triplet-fetal ewes were characterized by lower BCS and antioxidant capacity and were prone to the triggering of inflammatory responses.
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spelling doaj-art-9333501cf01242deb0ae4df3ddab72a92025-08-20T01:53:42ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-11-011422332610.3390/ani14223326Energy Metabolite, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Rumen Microbiota Differences Between Ewes in Late Gestation Carrying Single, Twin, and Triplet FetusesJiaxin Chen0Chunhui Duan1Sicong Yue2Xiaona Liu3Jinhui Li4Yingjie Zhang5Yueqin Liu6College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaThe objective of this study was to investigate the differences in the energy metabolites, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and rumen microbiota of ewes with different numbers of fetuses. Thirty healthy ewes were selected and divided into single- (SL, <i>n</i> = 10), twin- (TL, <i>n</i> = 10), and triplet-fetal (PL, <i>n</i> = 10) ewes according to the number of fetuses. Sampling was carried out on days 21 (Q21) and 7 (Q7) before lambing. The results show no differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in the DMI and BW of ewes with different numbers of fetuses, and the body condition score (BCS) of PL ewes was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than that of SL ewes. The concentrations of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the PL ewes were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) values were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those of the SL ewes. ANOSIM analysis showed that the rumen bacterial structure of the SL, TL, and PL ewes was different on days Q21 and Q7. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota in the rumen was affected (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by the number of fetuses: the relative abundance of Firmicutes (<i>Ruminococcus</i>, <i>Butyrivibrio</i>, <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group</i>, and <i>Anaeroplasma</i>) was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while that of Bacteroidota (<i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-003</i>, and <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001</i>) was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the SL ewes than in the PL ewes. In summary, the rumen microbial structure and energy metabolites of ewes in late gestation with different numbers of fetuses were different. Triplet-fetal ewes were characterized by lower BCS and antioxidant capacity and were prone to the triggering of inflammatory responses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3326multi-fetal eweslate gestationantioxidant capacityinflammationrumen microbiota
spellingShingle Jiaxin Chen
Chunhui Duan
Sicong Yue
Xiaona Liu
Jinhui Li
Yingjie Zhang
Yueqin Liu
Energy Metabolite, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Rumen Microbiota Differences Between Ewes in Late Gestation Carrying Single, Twin, and Triplet Fetuses
Animals
multi-fetal ewes
late gestation
antioxidant capacity
inflammation
rumen microbiota
title Energy Metabolite, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Rumen Microbiota Differences Between Ewes in Late Gestation Carrying Single, Twin, and Triplet Fetuses
title_full Energy Metabolite, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Rumen Microbiota Differences Between Ewes in Late Gestation Carrying Single, Twin, and Triplet Fetuses
title_fullStr Energy Metabolite, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Rumen Microbiota Differences Between Ewes in Late Gestation Carrying Single, Twin, and Triplet Fetuses
title_full_unstemmed Energy Metabolite, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Rumen Microbiota Differences Between Ewes in Late Gestation Carrying Single, Twin, and Triplet Fetuses
title_short Energy Metabolite, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Rumen Microbiota Differences Between Ewes in Late Gestation Carrying Single, Twin, and Triplet Fetuses
title_sort energy metabolite immunity antioxidant capacity and rumen microbiota differences between ewes in late gestation carrying single twin and triplet fetuses
topic multi-fetal ewes
late gestation
antioxidant capacity
inflammation
rumen microbiota
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3326
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