The role of self-compassion in mental health among early adulthood with ADHD symptoms: a network psychometric approach

Abstract Background Previous research has primarily approached the interconnections between attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, self-compassion and mental health from a variable-centered perspective. However, few studies have explored how ADHD symptoms interacts with self-compas...

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Main Authors: Hui Heng, Yingcan Zheng, Fangfang Zheng, Hong Su, Lili Tang, Yunxuan Zhao, Ying He, Guoyu Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Psychology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03120-1
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author Hui Heng
Yingcan Zheng
Fangfang Zheng
Hong Su
Lili Tang
Yunxuan Zhao
Ying He
Guoyu Yang
author_facet Hui Heng
Yingcan Zheng
Fangfang Zheng
Hong Su
Lili Tang
Yunxuan Zhao
Ying He
Guoyu Yang
author_sort Hui Heng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Previous research has primarily approached the interconnections between attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, self-compassion and mental health from a variable-centered perspective. However, few studies have explored how ADHD symptoms interacts with self-compassion and mental health at the symptom level. This study aims to construct a symptom network that elucidates the complex relationships among ADHD symptoms, self-compassion and mental health. It seeks to explore the bridging symptoms within this network, thereby informing the development of effective intervention strategies. Methods The sample included 948 college students in early adulthood (ages 18–24 years). Participants completed questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms (ASRS, WURS), personality (CBF-PI-B), self-compassion (SCS), life satisfaction (SWLS), and demographic information. We visualized the symptom network using the “qgraph” package and computed the expected influence of each node to identify bridge symptoms. Results The study discovered that among college students in early adulthood, 6.5% exhibited symptoms exceeding the ADHD threshold. Specifically, the prevalence rate for inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms were 12.8% and 7.1%, respectively. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was found between neuroticism and the following symptoms: Isolation (r = 0.71), Self-judgment (r = 0.63), and Overidentification (r = 0.71). The assessment of Bridge Expected Influence finds six bridge symptoms within the symptom network - Neuroticism, Inattention, Overidentification, Self-judgment, Oppositional/Defiant Behavior, and Isolation - each significantly impacting the network. Conclusion This study employed network analysis to elucidate the relationship between self-compassion, mental health, and ADHD at the symptom level. The results indicate a consistent association between neuroticism and negative self-compassion within the colledge student of ADHD symptoms. Additionally, neuroticism and oppositional/defiant behaviors in childhood were found to potentially influence ADHD symptoms in adulthood, while self-compassion emerged as a promising intervention particularly effective for inattention symptoms, but further research is needed to test its effectiveness.
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spelling doaj-art-9321e43114b64dd3a29c8db3fcb6656e2025-08-20T03:43:37ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-07-0113111510.1186/s40359-025-03120-1The role of self-compassion in mental health among early adulthood with ADHD symptoms: a network psychometric approachHui Heng0Yingcan Zheng1Fangfang Zheng2Hong Su3Lili Tang4Yunxuan Zhao5Ying He6Guoyu Yang7Developmental Psychology for Armyman, Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical UniversityDevelopmental Psychology for Armyman, Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Army Medical UniversitySchool of Smart Healthcare Industry, Chongqing City Management CollegeSchool of Preschool Education, Chongqing Youth Vocational & Technical CollegeDepartment of Marxist, Chongqing Vocational Institute of EngineeringDevelopmental Psychology for Armyman, Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical UniversityDevelopmental Psychology for Armyman, Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical UniversityAbstract Background Previous research has primarily approached the interconnections between attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, self-compassion and mental health from a variable-centered perspective. However, few studies have explored how ADHD symptoms interacts with self-compassion and mental health at the symptom level. This study aims to construct a symptom network that elucidates the complex relationships among ADHD symptoms, self-compassion and mental health. It seeks to explore the bridging symptoms within this network, thereby informing the development of effective intervention strategies. Methods The sample included 948 college students in early adulthood (ages 18–24 years). Participants completed questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms (ASRS, WURS), personality (CBF-PI-B), self-compassion (SCS), life satisfaction (SWLS), and demographic information. We visualized the symptom network using the “qgraph” package and computed the expected influence of each node to identify bridge symptoms. Results The study discovered that among college students in early adulthood, 6.5% exhibited symptoms exceeding the ADHD threshold. Specifically, the prevalence rate for inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms were 12.8% and 7.1%, respectively. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was found between neuroticism and the following symptoms: Isolation (r = 0.71), Self-judgment (r = 0.63), and Overidentification (r = 0.71). The assessment of Bridge Expected Influence finds six bridge symptoms within the symptom network - Neuroticism, Inattention, Overidentification, Self-judgment, Oppositional/Defiant Behavior, and Isolation - each significantly impacting the network. Conclusion This study employed network analysis to elucidate the relationship between self-compassion, mental health, and ADHD at the symptom level. The results indicate a consistent association between neuroticism and negative self-compassion within the colledge student of ADHD symptoms. Additionally, neuroticism and oppositional/defiant behaviors in childhood were found to potentially influence ADHD symptoms in adulthood, while self-compassion emerged as a promising intervention particularly effective for inattention symptoms, but further research is needed to test its effectiveness.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03120-1Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderEarly adulthoodSelf-compassionPersonalityNetwork analysis
spellingShingle Hui Heng
Yingcan Zheng
Fangfang Zheng
Hong Su
Lili Tang
Yunxuan Zhao
Ying He
Guoyu Yang
The role of self-compassion in mental health among early adulthood with ADHD symptoms: a network psychometric approach
BMC Psychology
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Early adulthood
Self-compassion
Personality
Network analysis
title The role of self-compassion in mental health among early adulthood with ADHD symptoms: a network psychometric approach
title_full The role of self-compassion in mental health among early adulthood with ADHD symptoms: a network psychometric approach
title_fullStr The role of self-compassion in mental health among early adulthood with ADHD symptoms: a network psychometric approach
title_full_unstemmed The role of self-compassion in mental health among early adulthood with ADHD symptoms: a network psychometric approach
title_short The role of self-compassion in mental health among early adulthood with ADHD symptoms: a network psychometric approach
title_sort role of self compassion in mental health among early adulthood with adhd symptoms a network psychometric approach
topic Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Early adulthood
Self-compassion
Personality
Network analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03120-1
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