Biotechnology Production of Cell Biomass from the Endangered <i>Kickxia elatine</i> (L.) Dumort: Its Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis and Cytotoxic Potential Against Melanoma Cells
<b>Background:</b> Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes with an increasing incidence worldwide. Plant-based products are rich in bioactive compounds, offering low toxicity and accessible alternatives for melanoma treatment. A biotechnological approach to obtaining plant-derived p...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Anastasia Aliesa Hermosaningtyas Ewa Totoń Anna Budzianowska Natalia Lisiak Aleksandra Romaniuk-Drapała Dariusz Kruszka Monika Rewers Małgorzata Kikowska |
| author_facet | Anastasia Aliesa Hermosaningtyas Ewa Totoń Anna Budzianowska Natalia Lisiak Aleksandra Romaniuk-Drapała Dariusz Kruszka Monika Rewers Małgorzata Kikowska |
| author_sort | Anastasia Aliesa Hermosaningtyas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes with an increasing incidence worldwide. Plant-based products are rich in bioactive compounds, offering low toxicity and accessible alternatives for melanoma treatment. A biotechnological approach to obtaining plant-derived produce ensures continuous and high-yield production of medicinally valuable biomass. <b>Objectives:</b> This study aimed to induce and optimize the growth of homogenous callus cultures of <i>Kickxia elatine</i> (L.) Dumort., consequently established a cell suspension culture with a high biomass growth rate, analyzed the phytochemical compositions, and assessed the cytotoxic activity against melanoma cells. <b>Methods/Results:</b> Callus cultures were induced under controlled in vitro conditions on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2.0 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Dicamba and 2.0 mg L<sup>−1</sup> 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The selected callus lines exhibited a high growth index (351.71% ± 27.77) and showed a homogeneous morphology, beige colour, and had friable and watery characteristics. A combination of auxin and cytokinin was found to enhance biomass production significantly. Phytochemical investigations putatively annotated major compounds, including benzoic acid derivatives, phenolic glycosides, phenylpropanoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and tyrosol derivatives. Methanolic extract (KE-Ex) and 40% methanolic fraction (KE-40Fr) were prepared and tested for cytotoxicity against human fibroblast (MRC-5) and melanoma (MeWo) cell lines using direct cell counting and MTT assay. The crude extract exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity effect on MeWo cells, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 125 ± 8 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> after 48 h and 117 ± 7 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> after 72 h of treatment. <b>Conclusions:</b> The extract demonstrated a time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, making it a potential candidate for melanoma treatment. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9312e61c2f10436d8df6f862a70517102025-08-20T03:26:25ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-06-01136138210.3390/biomedicines13061382Biotechnology Production of Cell Biomass from the Endangered <i>Kickxia elatine</i> (L.) Dumort: Its Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis and Cytotoxic Potential Against Melanoma CellsAnastasia Aliesa Hermosaningtyas0Ewa Totoń1Anna Budzianowska2Natalia Lisiak3Aleksandra Romaniuk-Drapała4Dariusz Kruszka5Monika Rewers6Małgorzata Kikowska7Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska St., 60-812 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, PolandLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, PolandInstitute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszyńska St., 60-479 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego Ave. 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, PolandLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland<b>Background:</b> Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes with an increasing incidence worldwide. Plant-based products are rich in bioactive compounds, offering low toxicity and accessible alternatives for melanoma treatment. A biotechnological approach to obtaining plant-derived produce ensures continuous and high-yield production of medicinally valuable biomass. <b>Objectives:</b> This study aimed to induce and optimize the growth of homogenous callus cultures of <i>Kickxia elatine</i> (L.) Dumort., consequently established a cell suspension culture with a high biomass growth rate, analyzed the phytochemical compositions, and assessed the cytotoxic activity against melanoma cells. <b>Methods/Results:</b> Callus cultures were induced under controlled in vitro conditions on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2.0 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Dicamba and 2.0 mg L<sup>−1</sup> 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The selected callus lines exhibited a high growth index (351.71% ± 27.77) and showed a homogeneous morphology, beige colour, and had friable and watery characteristics. A combination of auxin and cytokinin was found to enhance biomass production significantly. Phytochemical investigations putatively annotated major compounds, including benzoic acid derivatives, phenolic glycosides, phenylpropanoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and tyrosol derivatives. Methanolic extract (KE-Ex) and 40% methanolic fraction (KE-40Fr) were prepared and tested for cytotoxicity against human fibroblast (MRC-5) and melanoma (MeWo) cell lines using direct cell counting and MTT assay. The crude extract exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity effect on MeWo cells, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 125 ± 8 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> after 48 h and 117 ± 7 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> after 72 h of treatment. <b>Conclusions:</b> The extract demonstrated a time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, making it a potential candidate for melanoma treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/6/1382melanoma cellcytotoxic activitycalluscell suspension culturephytochemical and metabolomic analysesnuclear DNA content |
| spellingShingle | Anastasia Aliesa Hermosaningtyas Ewa Totoń Anna Budzianowska Natalia Lisiak Aleksandra Romaniuk-Drapała Dariusz Kruszka Monika Rewers Małgorzata Kikowska Biotechnology Production of Cell Biomass from the Endangered <i>Kickxia elatine</i> (L.) Dumort: Its Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis and Cytotoxic Potential Against Melanoma Cells Biomedicines melanoma cell cytotoxic activity callus cell suspension culture phytochemical and metabolomic analyses nuclear DNA content |
| title | Biotechnology Production of Cell Biomass from the Endangered <i>Kickxia elatine</i> (L.) Dumort: Its Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis and Cytotoxic Potential Against Melanoma Cells |
| title_full | Biotechnology Production of Cell Biomass from the Endangered <i>Kickxia elatine</i> (L.) Dumort: Its Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis and Cytotoxic Potential Against Melanoma Cells |
| title_fullStr | Biotechnology Production of Cell Biomass from the Endangered <i>Kickxia elatine</i> (L.) Dumort: Its Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis and Cytotoxic Potential Against Melanoma Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biotechnology Production of Cell Biomass from the Endangered <i>Kickxia elatine</i> (L.) Dumort: Its Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis and Cytotoxic Potential Against Melanoma Cells |
| title_short | Biotechnology Production of Cell Biomass from the Endangered <i>Kickxia elatine</i> (L.) Dumort: Its Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis and Cytotoxic Potential Against Melanoma Cells |
| title_sort | biotechnology production of cell biomass from the endangered i kickxia elatine i l dumort its untargeted metabolomic analysis and cytotoxic potential against melanoma cells |
| topic | melanoma cell cytotoxic activity callus cell suspension culture phytochemical and metabolomic analyses nuclear DNA content |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/6/1382 |
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