Fuzzy Galaxies or Cirrus? Decomposition of Galactic Cirrus in Deep Wide-field Images

Diffuse Galactic cirrus, or diffuse Galactic light (DGL), can be a prominent component in the background of deep wide-field imaging surveys. The DGL provides unique insights into the physical and radiative properties of dust grains in our Milky Way, and it also serves as a contaminant on deep images...

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Main Authors: Qing Liu, Roberto Abraham, Peter G. Martin, William P. Bowman, Pieter van Dokkum, Shany Danieli, Ekta Patel, Steven R. Janssens, Zili Shen, Seery Chen, Ananthan Karunakaran, Michael A. Keim, Deborah Lokhorst, Imad Pasha, Douglas L. Welch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b25
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author Qing Liu
Roberto Abraham
Peter G. Martin
William P. Bowman
Pieter van Dokkum
Shany Danieli
Ekta Patel
Steven R. Janssens
Zili Shen
Seery Chen
Ananthan Karunakaran
Michael A. Keim
Deborah Lokhorst
Imad Pasha
Douglas L. Welch
author_facet Qing Liu
Roberto Abraham
Peter G. Martin
William P. Bowman
Pieter van Dokkum
Shany Danieli
Ekta Patel
Steven R. Janssens
Zili Shen
Seery Chen
Ananthan Karunakaran
Michael A. Keim
Deborah Lokhorst
Imad Pasha
Douglas L. Welch
author_sort Qing Liu
collection DOAJ
description Diffuse Galactic cirrus, or diffuse Galactic light (DGL), can be a prominent component in the background of deep wide-field imaging surveys. The DGL provides unique insights into the physical and radiative properties of dust grains in our Milky Way, and it also serves as a contaminant on deep images, obscuring the detection of background sources such as low surface brightness galaxies. However, it is challenging to disentangle the DGL from other components of the night sky. In this paper, we present a technique for the photometric characterization of Galactic cirrus based on (1) extraction of its filamentary or patchy morphology and (2) incorporation of color constraints obtained from Planck thermal dust models. Our decomposition method is illustrated using a ~10 deg ^2 imaging data set obtained by the Dragonfly Telephoto Array, and its performance is explored using various metrics that characterize the flatness of the sky background. As a concrete application of the technique, we show how removal of cirrus allows low surface brightness galaxies to be identified on cirrus-rich images. We also show how modeling the cirrus in this way allows optical DGL intensities to be determined with high radiometric precision.
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spelling doaj-art-930d20ee49394047b643a8e7bce0694c2025-08-20T01:53:26ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01979217510.3847/1538-4357/ad9b25Fuzzy Galaxies or Cirrus? Decomposition of Galactic Cirrus in Deep Wide-field ImagesQing Liu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7490-5991Roberto Abraham1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-921XPeter G. Martin2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5236-3896William P. Bowman3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4381-5245Pieter van Dokkum4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8282-9888Shany Danieli5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-2252Ekta Patel6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-1219Steven R. Janssens7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0327-3322Zili Shen8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5120-1684Seery Chen9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-3047Ananthan Karunakaran10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8855-3635Michael A. Keim11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-2501Deborah Lokhorst12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2406-7344Imad Pasha13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7075-9931Douglas L. Welch14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-0898David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; qliu@strw.leidenuniv.nl; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The NetherlandsDavid A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; qliu@strw.leidenuniv.nl; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, CanadaCanadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, CanadaDepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USADepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USADepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Ln., Princeton, NJ 08544, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USACentre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University , Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaDepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USADavid A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; qliu@strw.leidenuniv.nl; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, CanadaDavid A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; qliu@strw.leidenuniv.nlDepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USANRC Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre , 5071 West Saanich Rd., Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, CanadaDepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, CanadaDiffuse Galactic cirrus, or diffuse Galactic light (DGL), can be a prominent component in the background of deep wide-field imaging surveys. The DGL provides unique insights into the physical and radiative properties of dust grains in our Milky Way, and it also serves as a contaminant on deep images, obscuring the detection of background sources such as low surface brightness galaxies. However, it is challenging to disentangle the DGL from other components of the night sky. In this paper, we present a technique for the photometric characterization of Galactic cirrus based on (1) extraction of its filamentary or patchy morphology and (2) incorporation of color constraints obtained from Planck thermal dust models. Our decomposition method is illustrated using a ~10 deg ^2 imaging data set obtained by the Dragonfly Telephoto Array, and its performance is explored using various metrics that characterize the flatness of the sky background. As a concrete application of the technique, we show how removal of cirrus allows low surface brightness galaxies to be identified on cirrus-rich images. We also show how modeling the cirrus in this way allows optical DGL intensities to be determined with high radiometric precision.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b25Astronomy data reductionAstronomy image processingInterstellar dustLow surface brightness galaxiesSky surveys
spellingShingle Qing Liu
Roberto Abraham
Peter G. Martin
William P. Bowman
Pieter van Dokkum
Shany Danieli
Ekta Patel
Steven R. Janssens
Zili Shen
Seery Chen
Ananthan Karunakaran
Michael A. Keim
Deborah Lokhorst
Imad Pasha
Douglas L. Welch
Fuzzy Galaxies or Cirrus? Decomposition of Galactic Cirrus in Deep Wide-field Images
The Astrophysical Journal
Astronomy data reduction
Astronomy image processing
Interstellar dust
Low surface brightness galaxies
Sky surveys
title Fuzzy Galaxies or Cirrus? Decomposition of Galactic Cirrus in Deep Wide-field Images
title_full Fuzzy Galaxies or Cirrus? Decomposition of Galactic Cirrus in Deep Wide-field Images
title_fullStr Fuzzy Galaxies or Cirrus? Decomposition of Galactic Cirrus in Deep Wide-field Images
title_full_unstemmed Fuzzy Galaxies or Cirrus? Decomposition of Galactic Cirrus in Deep Wide-field Images
title_short Fuzzy Galaxies or Cirrus? Decomposition of Galactic Cirrus in Deep Wide-field Images
title_sort fuzzy galaxies or cirrus decomposition of galactic cirrus in deep wide field images
topic Astronomy data reduction
Astronomy image processing
Interstellar dust
Low surface brightness galaxies
Sky surveys
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b25
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