Quantum key distribution as a quantum machine learning task

Abstract We propose considering Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols as a use case for Quantum Machine Learning (QML) algorithms. We define and investigate the QML task of optimizing eavesdropping attacks on the quantum circuit implementation of the BB84 protocol. QKD protocols are well understo...

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Main Authors: Thomas Decker, Marcelin Gallezot, Sven Florian Kerstan, Alessio Paesano, Anke Ginter, Wadim Wormsbecher
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Quantum Information
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01088-9
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author Thomas Decker
Marcelin Gallezot
Sven Florian Kerstan
Alessio Paesano
Anke Ginter
Wadim Wormsbecher
author_facet Thomas Decker
Marcelin Gallezot
Sven Florian Kerstan
Alessio Paesano
Anke Ginter
Wadim Wormsbecher
author_sort Thomas Decker
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We propose considering Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols as a use case for Quantum Machine Learning (QML) algorithms. We define and investigate the QML task of optimizing eavesdropping attacks on the quantum circuit implementation of the BB84 protocol. QKD protocols are well understood and solid security proofs exist enabling an easy evaluation of the QML model performance. The power of easy-to-implement QML techniques is shown by finding the explicit circuit for optimal individual attacks in a noise-free setting. For the noisy setting we find, to the best of our knowledge, a new cloning algorithm, which can outperform known cloning methods. Finally, we present a QML construction of a collective attack by using classical information from QKD post-processing within the QML algorithm.
format Article
id doaj-art-930b04ddf7d4454db20b7b7b7fb9299c
institution Kabale University
issn 2056-6387
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Quantum Information
spelling doaj-art-930b04ddf7d4454db20b7b7b7fb9299c2025-08-20T04:03:07ZengNature Portfolionpj Quantum Information2056-63872025-08-011111610.1038/s41534-025-01088-9Quantum key distribution as a quantum machine learning taskThomas Decker0Marcelin Gallezot1Sven Florian Kerstan2Alessio Paesano3Anke Ginter4Wadim Wormsbecher5JoS QUANTUM GmbHJoS QUANTUM GmbHJoS QUANTUM GmbHJoS QUANTUM GmbHBundesdruckerei GmbHBundesdruckerei GmbHAbstract We propose considering Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols as a use case for Quantum Machine Learning (QML) algorithms. We define and investigate the QML task of optimizing eavesdropping attacks on the quantum circuit implementation of the BB84 protocol. QKD protocols are well understood and solid security proofs exist enabling an easy evaluation of the QML model performance. The power of easy-to-implement QML techniques is shown by finding the explicit circuit for optimal individual attacks in a noise-free setting. For the noisy setting we find, to the best of our knowledge, a new cloning algorithm, which can outperform known cloning methods. Finally, we present a QML construction of a collective attack by using classical information from QKD post-processing within the QML algorithm.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01088-9
spellingShingle Thomas Decker
Marcelin Gallezot
Sven Florian Kerstan
Alessio Paesano
Anke Ginter
Wadim Wormsbecher
Quantum key distribution as a quantum machine learning task
npj Quantum Information
title Quantum key distribution as a quantum machine learning task
title_full Quantum key distribution as a quantum machine learning task
title_fullStr Quantum key distribution as a quantum machine learning task
title_full_unstemmed Quantum key distribution as a quantum machine learning task
title_short Quantum key distribution as a quantum machine learning task
title_sort quantum key distribution as a quantum machine learning task
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01088-9
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AT marcelingallezot quantumkeydistributionasaquantummachinelearningtask
AT svenfloriankerstan quantumkeydistributionasaquantummachinelearningtask
AT alessiopaesano quantumkeydistributionasaquantummachinelearningtask
AT ankeginter quantumkeydistributionasaquantummachinelearningtask
AT wadimwormsbecher quantumkeydistributionasaquantummachinelearningtask