Modelling economics students’ use of ChatGPT and academic performance: insights from self-determination theory and epistemic curiosity

Abstract ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tool, has gained recognition as a valuable educational technology (EdTech) resource, yet its impact on students' academic outcomes in Ghana remains unclear. This study examined the impact of use of ChatGPT on academic achievement amon...

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Main Authors: Bernard Yaw Sekyi Acquah, Francis Arthur, Iddrisu Salifu, Enoch Mensah, Ernest Opoku, Sharon Abam Nortey, Solomon Adjatey Tetteh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Artificial Intelligence
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00373-y
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author Bernard Yaw Sekyi Acquah
Francis Arthur
Iddrisu Salifu
Enoch Mensah
Ernest Opoku
Sharon Abam Nortey
Solomon Adjatey Tetteh
author_facet Bernard Yaw Sekyi Acquah
Francis Arthur
Iddrisu Salifu
Enoch Mensah
Ernest Opoku
Sharon Abam Nortey
Solomon Adjatey Tetteh
author_sort Bernard Yaw Sekyi Acquah
collection DOAJ
description Abstract ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tool, has gained recognition as a valuable educational technology (EdTech) resource, yet its impact on students' academic outcomes in Ghana remains unclear. This study examined the impact of use of ChatGPT on academic achievement among higher education (HE) students using the “interactive-constructive-active–passive (ICAP)” framework and “self-determination theory (SDT)”. A purposive sample of 457 HE economics students from a public university in Ghana was selected. The study used adapted scales of ICAP (i.e. measuring the use of ChatGPT), “desire to learn (DFL), self-efficacy (SE), beliefs about the future (BAF), epistemic curiosity (EP) and perceived academic performance (AP)”. Data were analysed using “partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)”. PLS-SEM results indicated that the use of ChatGPT (ICAP) positively influenced DFL, SE, BAF and AP. DFL and BAF were positively associated with AP, whereas SE showed a negative association with AP. Furthermore, DFL, SE and BAF mediated the relationship between the use of ChatGPT and AP. EP directly influenced DFL, SE and BAF and moderated the positive influence of ChatGPT usage on DFL and BAF. FsQCA results revealed four configurations for achieving high AP. This study highlights the positive role of ChatGPT in the academic performance of economics students and underlines the importance of considering multiple factors in policy and intervention strategies to optimise the use of AI in higher education.
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spelling doaj-art-9309bf128eb745b7bf79edf9e872ada22025-08-20T03:45:35ZengSpringerDiscover Artificial Intelligence2731-08092025-07-015112410.1007/s44163-025-00373-yModelling economics students’ use of ChatGPT and academic performance: insights from self-determination theory and epistemic curiosityBernard Yaw Sekyi Acquah0Francis Arthur1Iddrisu Salifu2Enoch Mensah3Ernest Opoku4Sharon Abam Nortey5Solomon Adjatey Tetteh6Department of Business and Social Sciences Education, University of Cape CoastDepartment of Business and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Education, University of Cape CoastCentre for Coastal Management- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Cape CoastDepartment of Education and Psychology, University of Cape CoastInstitute of Education, School of Educational Development and Outreach, College of Education Studies, University of Cape CoastDepartment of Business and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Education, University of Cape CoastDepartment of Business and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Education, University of Cape CoastAbstract ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tool, has gained recognition as a valuable educational technology (EdTech) resource, yet its impact on students' academic outcomes in Ghana remains unclear. This study examined the impact of use of ChatGPT on academic achievement among higher education (HE) students using the “interactive-constructive-active–passive (ICAP)” framework and “self-determination theory (SDT)”. A purposive sample of 457 HE economics students from a public university in Ghana was selected. The study used adapted scales of ICAP (i.e. measuring the use of ChatGPT), “desire to learn (DFL), self-efficacy (SE), beliefs about the future (BAF), epistemic curiosity (EP) and perceived academic performance (AP)”. Data were analysed using “partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)”. PLS-SEM results indicated that the use of ChatGPT (ICAP) positively influenced DFL, SE, BAF and AP. DFL and BAF were positively associated with AP, whereas SE showed a negative association with AP. Furthermore, DFL, SE and BAF mediated the relationship between the use of ChatGPT and AP. EP directly influenced DFL, SE and BAF and moderated the positive influence of ChatGPT usage on DFL and BAF. FsQCA results revealed four configurations for achieving high AP. This study highlights the positive role of ChatGPT in the academic performance of economics students and underlines the importance of considering multiple factors in policy and intervention strategies to optimise the use of AI in higher education.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00373-yChatGPTEpistemic curiosityFsQCAInteractive-constructive-active-passivePerceived academic performanceSelf-determination theory
spellingShingle Bernard Yaw Sekyi Acquah
Francis Arthur
Iddrisu Salifu
Enoch Mensah
Ernest Opoku
Sharon Abam Nortey
Solomon Adjatey Tetteh
Modelling economics students’ use of ChatGPT and academic performance: insights from self-determination theory and epistemic curiosity
Discover Artificial Intelligence
ChatGPT
Epistemic curiosity
FsQCA
Interactive-constructive-active-passive
Perceived academic performance
Self-determination theory
title Modelling economics students’ use of ChatGPT and academic performance: insights from self-determination theory and epistemic curiosity
title_full Modelling economics students’ use of ChatGPT and academic performance: insights from self-determination theory and epistemic curiosity
title_fullStr Modelling economics students’ use of ChatGPT and academic performance: insights from self-determination theory and epistemic curiosity
title_full_unstemmed Modelling economics students’ use of ChatGPT and academic performance: insights from self-determination theory and epistemic curiosity
title_short Modelling economics students’ use of ChatGPT and academic performance: insights from self-determination theory and epistemic curiosity
title_sort modelling economics students use of chatgpt and academic performance insights from self determination theory and epistemic curiosity
topic ChatGPT
Epistemic curiosity
FsQCA
Interactive-constructive-active-passive
Perceived academic performance
Self-determination theory
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00373-y
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