Emergency response for recently isolated Foot and Mouth Disease virus type A Africa in Egypt 2022

Emergency response for recently isolated Foot and Mouth Disease virus type A Africa in Egypt 2022

Abstract Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed ruminants, leading to significant economic losses. In 2022, Egypt faced a severe outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) caused by the A/Africa/G-IV variant. This study assessed the efficacy of loca...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mohamed Samy Abousenna, Heba A. Khafagy, Amal Abd El Moneim Mohamed, Sara E.A. El Sawy, Fady Abd El Mohsen Shasha, Darwish Mahmoud Darwish, Nermeen G. Shafik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Foot-and-Mouth Disease
FMDV vaccine
Vaccine matching
Challenge test
VNT
Disease outbreak
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88906-4
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Summary:Abstract Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed ruminants, leading to significant economic losses. In 2022, Egypt faced a severe outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) caused by the A/Africa/G-IV variant. This study assessed the efficacy of local and imported FMDV vaccines (A Iran-05 lineage) against this new variant using in vitro and in vivo methods. Sera from vaccinated calves showed inadequate cross-protection, with mean r1-values of 0.235 and 0.243 for local and imported vaccines, respectively. Challenge tests indicated low protection levels (20% and 40%) against A/Africa/G-IV compared with A/Iran/05. Current vaccines were deemed ineffective, prompting a formulation update incorporating the variant. The modified vaccine is now deployed in proactive vaccination efforts to address the evolving FMD outbreak.
ISSN:2045-2322

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