Assessment of Zinc Alpha-2 Glycoprotein Level in Gestational Diabetes Woman in Respect to Glycemic Status with and without Treatment

Background: Gestational diabetes is a pathological condition that manifests between the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. It is distinguished by substantial insulin resistance induced by the secretion of placental hormone. Adipocytes secrete a particular type of adipocytokine called zinc a2 glyc...

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Main Authors: Bara Nahdh Saleem, Manal Khalid Abdulridha, Hind Abdalkhaliq Showman, Manal Sabbar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: College of Pharmacy / Mustansiriyah University 2025-01-01
Series:Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ajps.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/AJPS/article/view/1127
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author Bara Nahdh Saleem
Manal Khalid Abdulridha
Hind Abdalkhaliq Showman
Manal Sabbar
author_facet Bara Nahdh Saleem
Manal Khalid Abdulridha
Hind Abdalkhaliq Showman
Manal Sabbar
author_sort Bara Nahdh Saleem
collection DOAJ
description Background: Gestational diabetes is a pathological condition that manifests between the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. It is distinguished by substantial insulin resistance induced by the secretion of placental hormone. Adipocytes secrete a particular type of adipocytokine called zinc a2 glycoprotein (ZAG), and numerous reasearches have suggested that ZAG is involved in crucial physiological processes such as glucose metabolism. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the ZAG level in GDM pregnant women on different therapeutic modalities and whether it could be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of GDM. Also to study the correlation between ZAG with glycemic status. Method: The research included 76 pregnant women (age 18–40), 22 healthy pregnant women (group1), 30 newly diagnosed GDM pregnant women (group2), and 24 GDM on different therapeutic modalities (group3), in the 2nd or 3rd trimester; all the demographic and glycemic characteristics were measured. Result: There was no substantial difference in ZAG levels of the study groups from one another (P≥ 0.05); therefore, pregnant women with GDM in group 2 exhibited the greatest level of ZAG.  Significant variation in ZAG levels was observed among subgroups of treated GDM pregnant women (p<0.01). The metformin group exhibited the lowest level of ZAG. There was significant increase in Fasting Blood Glucose and Glycated Hemoglobin in GDM pregnant women group 2 and 3 compared to group 1 pregnant women, meanwhile, slight increase in fasting plasma insulin level and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR) among group 2 and 3 compared to group 1 pregnant women, though not noticeable (P≥ 0.05). No statistically significant association was reported with ZAG and glycemic indices. Conclusion: there was no statistically significant variation in ZAG level within study groups (P≥ 0.05), hence, GDM pregnant women in group 2 showed the highest level.  ZAG could not be used as an indicator in the diagnosis of GDM.
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spelling doaj-art-92e4c8fc99d54f7bad3243a47d5c3d892025-01-24T13:47:26ZengCollege of Pharmacy / Mustansiriyah UniversityAl-Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences1815-09932959-183X2025-01-0125110.32947/ajps.v25i1.1127Assessment of Zinc Alpha-2 Glycoprotein Level in Gestational Diabetes Woman in Respect to Glycemic Status with and without TreatmentBara Nahdh Saleem0Manal Khalid Abdulridha1Hind Abdalkhaliq Showman2Manal Sabbar3Department of Clinical Pharmacy / College of Pharmacy / Mustansiriyah University. IraqDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy / College of Pharmacy / Mustansiriyah University. IraqDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology / College of Medicine / Mustansiriyah University. IraqDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology/ Gragash Hospital/ Dubai Background: Gestational diabetes is a pathological condition that manifests between the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. It is distinguished by substantial insulin resistance induced by the secretion of placental hormone. Adipocytes secrete a particular type of adipocytokine called zinc a2 glycoprotein (ZAG), and numerous reasearches have suggested that ZAG is involved in crucial physiological processes such as glucose metabolism. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the ZAG level in GDM pregnant women on different therapeutic modalities and whether it could be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of GDM. Also to study the correlation between ZAG with glycemic status. Method: The research included 76 pregnant women (age 18–40), 22 healthy pregnant women (group1), 30 newly diagnosed GDM pregnant women (group2), and 24 GDM on different therapeutic modalities (group3), in the 2nd or 3rd trimester; all the demographic and glycemic characteristics were measured. Result: There was no substantial difference in ZAG levels of the study groups from one another (P≥ 0.05); therefore, pregnant women with GDM in group 2 exhibited the greatest level of ZAG.  Significant variation in ZAG levels was observed among subgroups of treated GDM pregnant women (p<0.01). The metformin group exhibited the lowest level of ZAG. There was significant increase in Fasting Blood Glucose and Glycated Hemoglobin in GDM pregnant women group 2 and 3 compared to group 1 pregnant women, meanwhile, slight increase in fasting plasma insulin level and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR) among group 2 and 3 compared to group 1 pregnant women, though not noticeable (P≥ 0.05). No statistically significant association was reported with ZAG and glycemic indices. Conclusion: there was no statistically significant variation in ZAG level within study groups (P≥ 0.05), hence, GDM pregnant women in group 2 showed the highest level.  ZAG could not be used as an indicator in the diagnosis of GDM. https://ajps.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/AJPS/article/view/1127Gestational diabetes GDMZinc alpha 2-glycoprotein ZAGGlucose MetabolismCorrelation
spellingShingle Bara Nahdh Saleem
Manal Khalid Abdulridha
Hind Abdalkhaliq Showman
Manal Sabbar
Assessment of Zinc Alpha-2 Glycoprotein Level in Gestational Diabetes Woman in Respect to Glycemic Status with and without Treatment
Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Gestational diabetes GDM
Zinc alpha 2-glycoprotein ZAG
Glucose Metabolism
Correlation
title Assessment of Zinc Alpha-2 Glycoprotein Level in Gestational Diabetes Woman in Respect to Glycemic Status with and without Treatment
title_full Assessment of Zinc Alpha-2 Glycoprotein Level in Gestational Diabetes Woman in Respect to Glycemic Status with and without Treatment
title_fullStr Assessment of Zinc Alpha-2 Glycoprotein Level in Gestational Diabetes Woman in Respect to Glycemic Status with and without Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Zinc Alpha-2 Glycoprotein Level in Gestational Diabetes Woman in Respect to Glycemic Status with and without Treatment
title_short Assessment of Zinc Alpha-2 Glycoprotein Level in Gestational Diabetes Woman in Respect to Glycemic Status with and without Treatment
title_sort assessment of zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein level in gestational diabetes woman in respect to glycemic status with and without treatment
topic Gestational diabetes GDM
Zinc alpha 2-glycoprotein ZAG
Glucose Metabolism
Correlation
url https://ajps.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/AJPS/article/view/1127
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AT hindabdalkhaliqshowman assessmentofzincalpha2glycoproteinlevelingestationaldiabeteswomaninrespecttoglycemicstatuswithandwithouttreatment
AT manalsabbar assessmentofzincalpha2glycoproteinlevelingestationaldiabeteswomaninrespecttoglycemicstatuswithandwithouttreatment