Modification and Application of Natural Clinoptilolite and Mordenite from Almaty Region for Drinking Water Purification
In this paper, the modification of natural clinoptilolite and mordenite zeolites from Almaty using acid treatment is addressed for the purposes of improving adsorption performance and for drinking water purification. Structural chemical transformation was characterized by the use of X-ray diffractio...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Mudasir Zahid Yerlan Doszhanov Karina Saurykova Noorahmad Ahmadi Didar Bolatova Meruyert Kurmanbayeva Akbope Aydarbek Rahmuddin Ihsas Makpal Seitzhanova Dana Akhmetzhanova Almagul Kerimkulova Ospan Doszhanov |
| author_facet | Mudasir Zahid Yerlan Doszhanov Karina Saurykova Noorahmad Ahmadi Didar Bolatova Meruyert Kurmanbayeva Akbope Aydarbek Rahmuddin Ihsas Makpal Seitzhanova Dana Akhmetzhanova Almagul Kerimkulova Ospan Doszhanov |
| author_sort | Mudasir Zahid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, the modification of natural clinoptilolite and mordenite zeolites from Almaty using acid treatment is addressed for the purposes of improving adsorption performance and for drinking water purification. Structural chemical transformation was characterized by the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Acid treatment led to a partial dealumination that was responsible for an increase in the number of surface defects and micropores, improvement in ion exchange capacity, and selectivity toward heavy metals. Additionally, modifications greatly enhance the uptake capacities of Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, and As<sup>3+</sup>. The clinoptilolite post-modification removal efficiencies reached 94%, 86%, and 84%, respectively, while mordenite zeolites achieved 95%, 90%, and 87% removal efficiencies, respectively. The enhancement of performance was related to the increase in surface area and active sites for ion exchange, verified from analysis of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. The use of different Bhatt and Kothari methods has revealed that adsorption processes followed Langmuir isotherm models for Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup>, whereas As<sup>3+</sup> adsorption was better described by the Freundlich isotherm model. However, second-order kinetics indicate that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism. Such evidence indicates spontaneity and an endothermic process, as shown from thermodynamic studies. Results showed that modified zeolites indeed had a high degree of reusability, with over 80% of the adsorption capacity retained even after five cycles. Acid-modified zeolites can provide cheaper, greener methods of purification, generating only negligible secondary waste when compared to conventional methods of water purification, for example, activated carbon and membrane filtration. Results from this study proved that modified clinoptilolite and mordenite zeolites have the potential for sustainable heavy metal treatment in drinking water purification systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-92cfef0a93134b7fb382db7f05434f9a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-92cfef0a93134b7fb382db7f05434f9a2025-08-20T02:59:08ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-04-01309202110.3390/molecules30092021Modification and Application of Natural Clinoptilolite and Mordenite from Almaty Region for Drinking Water PurificationMudasir Zahid0Yerlan Doszhanov1Karina Saurykova2Noorahmad Ahmadi3Didar Bolatova4Meruyert Kurmanbayeva5Akbope Aydarbek6Rahmuddin Ihsas7Makpal Seitzhanova8Dana Akhmetzhanova9Almagul Kerimkulova10Ospan Doszhanov11Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanFaculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanInstitute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbay Batyr Str., 172, Almaty 050012, KazakhstanFaculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanInstitute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbay Batyr Str., 172, Almaty 050012, KazakhstanFaculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanInstitute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbay Batyr Str., 172, Almaty 050012, KazakhstanFaculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanFaculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanFaculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanFaculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanFaculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Almaty Technological University, Tole Bi Str., 100, Almaty 050061, KazakhstanIn this paper, the modification of natural clinoptilolite and mordenite zeolites from Almaty using acid treatment is addressed for the purposes of improving adsorption performance and for drinking water purification. Structural chemical transformation was characterized by the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Acid treatment led to a partial dealumination that was responsible for an increase in the number of surface defects and micropores, improvement in ion exchange capacity, and selectivity toward heavy metals. Additionally, modifications greatly enhance the uptake capacities of Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, and As<sup>3+</sup>. The clinoptilolite post-modification removal efficiencies reached 94%, 86%, and 84%, respectively, while mordenite zeolites achieved 95%, 90%, and 87% removal efficiencies, respectively. The enhancement of performance was related to the increase in surface area and active sites for ion exchange, verified from analysis of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. The use of different Bhatt and Kothari methods has revealed that adsorption processes followed Langmuir isotherm models for Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup>, whereas As<sup>3+</sup> adsorption was better described by the Freundlich isotherm model. However, second-order kinetics indicate that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism. Such evidence indicates spontaneity and an endothermic process, as shown from thermodynamic studies. Results showed that modified zeolites indeed had a high degree of reusability, with over 80% of the adsorption capacity retained even after five cycles. Acid-modified zeolites can provide cheaper, greener methods of purification, generating only negligible secondary waste when compared to conventional methods of water purification, for example, activated carbon and membrane filtration. Results from this study proved that modified clinoptilolite and mordenite zeolites have the potential for sustainable heavy metal treatment in drinking water purification systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/9/2021adsorptionacid treatmention exchangeclinoptilolitemordenitepurification |
| spellingShingle | Mudasir Zahid Yerlan Doszhanov Karina Saurykova Noorahmad Ahmadi Didar Bolatova Meruyert Kurmanbayeva Akbope Aydarbek Rahmuddin Ihsas Makpal Seitzhanova Dana Akhmetzhanova Almagul Kerimkulova Ospan Doszhanov Modification and Application of Natural Clinoptilolite and Mordenite from Almaty Region for Drinking Water Purification Molecules adsorption acid treatment ion exchange clinoptilolite mordenite purification |
| title | Modification and Application of Natural Clinoptilolite and Mordenite from Almaty Region for Drinking Water Purification |
| title_full | Modification and Application of Natural Clinoptilolite and Mordenite from Almaty Region for Drinking Water Purification |
| title_fullStr | Modification and Application of Natural Clinoptilolite and Mordenite from Almaty Region for Drinking Water Purification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modification and Application of Natural Clinoptilolite and Mordenite from Almaty Region for Drinking Water Purification |
| title_short | Modification and Application of Natural Clinoptilolite and Mordenite from Almaty Region for Drinking Water Purification |
| title_sort | modification and application of natural clinoptilolite and mordenite from almaty region for drinking water purification |
| topic | adsorption acid treatment ion exchange clinoptilolite mordenite purification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/9/2021 |
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