The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal Justice

ABSTRACT Advances in neuromicrobiology and related omics technologies have reinforced the idea that unseen microbes play critical roles in human cognition and behaviour. Included in this research is evidence indicating that gut microbes, through direct and indirect pathways, can influence aggression...

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Main Authors: Alan C. Logan, Pragya Mishra, Susan L. Prescott
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Microbial Biotechnology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70129
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author Alan C. Logan
Pragya Mishra
Susan L. Prescott
author_facet Alan C. Logan
Pragya Mishra
Susan L. Prescott
author_sort Alan C. Logan
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Advances in neuromicrobiology and related omics technologies have reinforced the idea that unseen microbes play critical roles in human cognition and behaviour. Included in this research is evidence indicating that gut microbes, through direct and indirect pathways, can influence aggression, anger, irritability and antisocial behaviour. Moreover, gut microbes can manufacture chemicals that are known to compromise cognition. For example, recent court decisions in the United States and Europe acknowledge that gut microbes can produce high levels of ethanol, without consumption of alcohol by the defendants. The dismissal of driving while intoxicated charges in these cases—so‐called auto‐brewery syndrome—highlights the way in which microbiome knowledge will enhance the precision, objectivity and fairness of our legal systems. Here in this opinion essay, we introduce the concept of the ‘legalome’—the application of microbiome and omics science to forensic psychiatry and criminal law. We argue that the rapid pace of microbial discoveries, including those that challenge ideas of free will and moral responsibility, will necessitate a reconsideration of traditional legal doctrines and justifications of retributive punishment. The implications extend beyond the courtroom, challenging us to reconsider how environmental factors—from diet to socioeconomic conditions—might shape preventative and rehabilitative efforts through their effects on the microbiome.
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spelling doaj-art-92ceae69a6b94786aae71c03cd5a7f6e2025-08-20T03:43:31ZengWileyMicrobial Biotechnology1751-79152025-03-01183n/an/a10.1111/1751-7915.70129The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal JusticeAlan C. Logan0Pragya Mishra1Susan L. Prescott2Nova Institute for Health Baltimore Maryland USAUniversity of Allahabad (A Central University) Prayagraj IndiaNova Institute for Health Baltimore Maryland USAABSTRACT Advances in neuromicrobiology and related omics technologies have reinforced the idea that unseen microbes play critical roles in human cognition and behaviour. Included in this research is evidence indicating that gut microbes, through direct and indirect pathways, can influence aggression, anger, irritability and antisocial behaviour. Moreover, gut microbes can manufacture chemicals that are known to compromise cognition. For example, recent court decisions in the United States and Europe acknowledge that gut microbes can produce high levels of ethanol, without consumption of alcohol by the defendants. The dismissal of driving while intoxicated charges in these cases—so‐called auto‐brewery syndrome—highlights the way in which microbiome knowledge will enhance the precision, objectivity and fairness of our legal systems. Here in this opinion essay, we introduce the concept of the ‘legalome’—the application of microbiome and omics science to forensic psychiatry and criminal law. We argue that the rapid pace of microbial discoveries, including those that challenge ideas of free will and moral responsibility, will necessitate a reconsideration of traditional legal doctrines and justifications of retributive punishment. The implications extend beyond the courtroom, challenging us to reconsider how environmental factors—from diet to socioeconomic conditions—might shape preventative and rehabilitative efforts through their effects on the microbiome.https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70129aggressionantisocial behaviourjusticelegalomemental healthneuromicrobiology
spellingShingle Alan C. Logan
Pragya Mishra
Susan L. Prescott
The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal Justice
Microbial Biotechnology
aggression
antisocial behaviour
justice
legalome
mental health
neuromicrobiology
title The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal Justice
title_full The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal Justice
title_fullStr The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal Justice
title_full_unstemmed The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal Justice
title_short The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal Justice
title_sort legalome microbiology omics and criminal justice
topic aggression
antisocial behaviour
justice
legalome
mental health
neuromicrobiology
url https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70129
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