The Role of Environmental Product Declarations in the Decarbonization of Building Materials and Components

As energy efficiency measures have reduced the operational carbon footprint of buildings, the significance of embodied carbon has increased. Efforts by all construction players, including material and component manufacturers, are needed to avoid burdens shifting towards embodied impacts. Environment...

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Main Authors: Francesco Asdrubali, Gianluca Grazieschi, Dante Maria Gandola
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1308
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author Francesco Asdrubali
Gianluca Grazieschi
Dante Maria Gandola
author_facet Francesco Asdrubali
Gianluca Grazieschi
Dante Maria Gandola
author_sort Francesco Asdrubali
collection DOAJ
description As energy efficiency measures have reduced the operational carbon footprint of buildings, the significance of embodied carbon has increased. Efforts by all construction players, including material and component manufacturers, are needed to avoid burdens shifting towards embodied impacts. Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) can represent useful instruments to push the decarbonization of construction materials. This study examines EPDs to assess the embodied GWP of insulation materials, bricks, concrete, cement, steel, and natural stones. The variance structure of the GWP was studied for each material, the main variation parameters were detected, and statistically significant categories were identified. For each category reference values were calculated (i.e., mean or median values, lower and upper interquartile ranges, and box plot whiskers) which can be useful for manufacturers to reduce the impact of their products, for EPD verifiers to detect outliers, and for designers to determine safety coefficients for using EPD data in the early design stage. Consolidated results were achieved for materials produced through standardized processes whose GWP variability was mainly structured around universal physical properties or production techniques. More localized or artisanal products demonstrate higher decarbonization potential but require further segmentation and additional GWP data to establish more robust reduction benchmarks.
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spelling doaj-art-92cd5c7fc048497dae7c87ecf14c4aee2025-08-20T02:53:19ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-03-01185130810.3390/en18051308The Role of Environmental Product Declarations in the Decarbonization of Building Materials and ComponentsFrancesco Asdrubali0Gianluca Grazieschi1Dante Maria Gandola2Department of International Human and Social Sciences, Perugia Foreigners’ University, Piazza B. Fortebraccio 4, 06123 Perugia, ItalyInstitute for Renewable Energy, Eurac Research, Via A. Volta 13/A, 39100 Bolzano, ItalyDepartment of International Human and Social Sciences, Perugia Foreigners’ University, Piazza B. Fortebraccio 4, 06123 Perugia, ItalyAs energy efficiency measures have reduced the operational carbon footprint of buildings, the significance of embodied carbon has increased. Efforts by all construction players, including material and component manufacturers, are needed to avoid burdens shifting towards embodied impacts. Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) can represent useful instruments to push the decarbonization of construction materials. This study examines EPDs to assess the embodied GWP of insulation materials, bricks, concrete, cement, steel, and natural stones. The variance structure of the GWP was studied for each material, the main variation parameters were detected, and statistically significant categories were identified. For each category reference values were calculated (i.e., mean or median values, lower and upper interquartile ranges, and box plot whiskers) which can be useful for manufacturers to reduce the impact of their products, for EPD verifiers to detect outliers, and for designers to determine safety coefficients for using EPD data in the early design stage. Consolidated results were achieved for materials produced through standardized processes whose GWP variability was mainly structured around universal physical properties or production techniques. More localized or artisanal products demonstrate higher decarbonization potential but require further segmentation and additional GWP data to establish more robust reduction benchmarks.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1308building materialsbuilding componentsenvironmental product declarations (EPDs)life cycle assessment (LCA)embodied carbonembodied energy
spellingShingle Francesco Asdrubali
Gianluca Grazieschi
Dante Maria Gandola
The Role of Environmental Product Declarations in the Decarbonization of Building Materials and Components
Energies
building materials
building components
environmental product declarations (EPDs)
life cycle assessment (LCA)
embodied carbon
embodied energy
title The Role of Environmental Product Declarations in the Decarbonization of Building Materials and Components
title_full The Role of Environmental Product Declarations in the Decarbonization of Building Materials and Components
title_fullStr The Role of Environmental Product Declarations in the Decarbonization of Building Materials and Components
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Environmental Product Declarations in the Decarbonization of Building Materials and Components
title_short The Role of Environmental Product Declarations in the Decarbonization of Building Materials and Components
title_sort role of environmental product declarations in the decarbonization of building materials and components
topic building materials
building components
environmental product declarations (EPDs)
life cycle assessment (LCA)
embodied carbon
embodied energy
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1308
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