Global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021

BackgroundPeriodontal diseases are one of the most prevalent oral diseases globally, with increasing incidence rates in recent years. This study aims to analyze the global burden and epidemiological trends of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021, and to forecast trends through 2040.MethodsData on...

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Main Authors: Meiling Hu, Ruibin Zhang, Ren Wang, Yan Wang, Jincai Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Oral Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1627746/full
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author Meiling Hu
Meiling Hu
Ruibin Zhang
Ruibin Zhang
Ren Wang
Ren Wang
Yan Wang
Yan Wang
Jincai Guo
Jincai Guo
Jincai Guo
author_facet Meiling Hu
Meiling Hu
Ruibin Zhang
Ruibin Zhang
Ren Wang
Ren Wang
Yan Wang
Yan Wang
Jincai Guo
Jincai Guo
Jincai Guo
author_sort Meiling Hu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundPeriodontal diseases are one of the most prevalent oral diseases globally, with increasing incidence rates in recent years. This study aims to analyze the global burden and epidemiological trends of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021, and to forecast trends through 2040.MethodsData on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of periodontal diseases were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. The analysis evaluated the global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases, conducted a decomposition analysis based on population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes, and examined the association between the sociodemographic index (SDI) and disease burden, and projected trends through 2040.ResultsIn 2021, global estimates indicated 89,613,534 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 79,069,091–101,005,642) incident cases, 1,066,953,744 (95% UI: 896,546,186–1,234,839,287) prevalent cases, and 6,903,284 (95% UI: 2,772,284–14,106,182) DALYs due to periodontal diseases. South Asia demonstrated the highest number and age-standardized rates (ASR) of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs. Between 1990 and 2021, the ASR of prevalence and DALYs increased slightly, while the ASR of incidence remained stable worldwide. Population growth and aging were the primary contributors to changes in disease burden. A significant negative correlation was observed between the SDI and the periodontal diseases burden. Projections from 2022 to 2040 indicate annual increases in both the number and ASR of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs for periodontal diseases.ConclusionsPeriodontal diseases remain a substantial global health challenge, characterized by rising incidence, prevalence, and DALYs. These findings underscore the urgent need to implement effective prevention strategies and integrate oral health services into primary care, particularly in regions with low to middle SDI, to reduce the escalating burden.
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spelling doaj-art-92bced813c8c4c54a52bdc5a0e31a3f72025-08-20T03:58:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oral Health2673-48422025-07-01610.3389/froh.2025.16277461627746Global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021Meiling Hu0Meiling Hu1Ruibin Zhang2Ruibin Zhang3Ren Wang4Ren Wang5Yan Wang6Yan Wang7Jincai Guo8Jincai Guo9Jincai Guo10Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaBackgroundPeriodontal diseases are one of the most prevalent oral diseases globally, with increasing incidence rates in recent years. This study aims to analyze the global burden and epidemiological trends of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021, and to forecast trends through 2040.MethodsData on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of periodontal diseases were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. The analysis evaluated the global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases, conducted a decomposition analysis based on population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes, and examined the association between the sociodemographic index (SDI) and disease burden, and projected trends through 2040.ResultsIn 2021, global estimates indicated 89,613,534 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 79,069,091–101,005,642) incident cases, 1,066,953,744 (95% UI: 896,546,186–1,234,839,287) prevalent cases, and 6,903,284 (95% UI: 2,772,284–14,106,182) DALYs due to periodontal diseases. South Asia demonstrated the highest number and age-standardized rates (ASR) of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs. Between 1990 and 2021, the ASR of prevalence and DALYs increased slightly, while the ASR of incidence remained stable worldwide. Population growth and aging were the primary contributors to changes in disease burden. A significant negative correlation was observed between the SDI and the periodontal diseases burden. Projections from 2022 to 2040 indicate annual increases in both the number and ASR of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs for periodontal diseases.ConclusionsPeriodontal diseases remain a substantial global health challenge, characterized by rising incidence, prevalence, and DALYs. These findings underscore the urgent need to implement effective prevention strategies and integrate oral health services into primary care, particularly in regions with low to middle SDI, to reduce the escalating burden.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1627746/fullperiodontal diseasesperiodontitisoral healthepidemiologyglobal burden
spellingShingle Meiling Hu
Meiling Hu
Ruibin Zhang
Ruibin Zhang
Ren Wang
Ren Wang
Yan Wang
Yan Wang
Jincai Guo
Jincai Guo
Jincai Guo
Global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021
Frontiers in Oral Health
periodontal diseases
periodontitis
oral health
epidemiology
global burden
title Global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021
title_full Global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021
title_fullStr Global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021
title_full_unstemmed Global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021
title_short Global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021
title_sort global regional and national burden of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040 an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021
topic periodontal diseases
periodontitis
oral health
epidemiology
global burden
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1627746/full
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