Development and validation of a table tennis serve skill assessment instrument for junior high school students: A psychometric approach

Background: The highest assessment weight in physical education lessons lies in psychomotor skills. In order to find out how far the competencies possessed by students, a clear and comprehensive assessment tool or instrument is needed. Objectives: The research aims to develop a test instrument for...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Aliffajaruddin Alfani, M. E. Winarno, Siti Nurrochmah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: CV Rezki Media 2025-07-01
Series:Physical Education and Sports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journal.rezkimedia.or.id/pes/article/view/525
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author Muhammad Aliffajaruddin Alfani
M. E. Winarno
Siti Nurrochmah
author_facet Muhammad Aliffajaruddin Alfani
M. E. Winarno
Siti Nurrochmah
author_sort Muhammad Aliffajaruddin Alfani
collection DOAJ
description Background: The highest assessment weight in physical education lessons lies in psychomotor skills. In order to find out how far the competencies possessed by students, a clear and comprehensive assessment tool or instrument is needed. Objectives: The research aims to develop a test instrument for forehand and backhand service skills in table tennis small ball games. Methods: The development of this instrument uses a research and development scheme, with predetermined steps (1) determining objectives, (2) analyzing literature, (3) developing specifications, (4) administering, (5) conducting tests, (6) analyzing data validity, reliability, and objectivity. The cluster sampling procedure was conducted on students aged 13-15 who met the inclusion criteria, involving junior high school students (n=80), consisting of 41 female students and 39 male students. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 11.0. The basis for decision-making is the Pearson correlation test. The analysis technique in the reliability test uses a test and retest external estimation approach. Results: The forehand serve variable has a calculated r-value of 0.456> r-table 0.312, and the backhand serve variable obtained a calculated R-value of 0.352> r-table 0.312, so the table tennis skill instrument on that variable was declared valid. At the same time, the reliability test shows a value above 0.70; the instrument that has been prepared can be declared reliable. Conclusions: The assessment instrument for forehand and backhand serve skills in table tennis games for junior high school students has met the validity and reliability criteria. This shows that the instrument is suitable for teachers as an objective and consistent measuring tool in evaluating basic table tennis skills in students. Recommendations for future studies are encouraged to expand the sample size and integrate digital features to enhance the scalability and objectivity of the assessment.
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spelling doaj-art-92bb7d4b008747b5aaee767494e2c1cf2025-08-20T03:08:33ZengCV Rezki MediaPhysical Education and Sports2829-58462025-07-01429510210.56003/pessr.v4i2.525525Development and validation of a table tennis serve skill assessment instrument for junior high school students: A psychometric approachMuhammad Aliffajaruddin Alfani0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5110-8227M. E. Winarno1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-5418Siti Nurrochmah2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-2677Universitas Negeri MalangUniversitas Negeri MalangUniversitas Negeri MalangBackground: The highest assessment weight in physical education lessons lies in psychomotor skills. In order to find out how far the competencies possessed by students, a clear and comprehensive assessment tool or instrument is needed. Objectives: The research aims to develop a test instrument for forehand and backhand service skills in table tennis small ball games. Methods: The development of this instrument uses a research and development scheme, with predetermined steps (1) determining objectives, (2) analyzing literature, (3) developing specifications, (4) administering, (5) conducting tests, (6) analyzing data validity, reliability, and objectivity. The cluster sampling procedure was conducted on students aged 13-15 who met the inclusion criteria, involving junior high school students (n=80), consisting of 41 female students and 39 male students. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 11.0. The basis for decision-making is the Pearson correlation test. The analysis technique in the reliability test uses a test and retest external estimation approach. Results: The forehand serve variable has a calculated r-value of 0.456> r-table 0.312, and the backhand serve variable obtained a calculated R-value of 0.352> r-table 0.312, so the table tennis skill instrument on that variable was declared valid. At the same time, the reliability test shows a value above 0.70; the instrument that has been prepared can be declared reliable. Conclusions: The assessment instrument for forehand and backhand serve skills in table tennis games for junior high school students has met the validity and reliability criteria. This shows that the instrument is suitable for teachers as an objective and consistent measuring tool in evaluating basic table tennis skills in students. Recommendations for future studies are encouraged to expand the sample size and integrate digital features to enhance the scalability and objectivity of the assessment.https://journal.rezkimedia.or.id/pes/article/view/525reliabilitytable tennisvalidity
spellingShingle Muhammad Aliffajaruddin Alfani
M. E. Winarno
Siti Nurrochmah
Development and validation of a table tennis serve skill assessment instrument for junior high school students: A psychometric approach
Physical Education and Sports
reliability
table tennis
validity
title Development and validation of a table tennis serve skill assessment instrument for junior high school students: A psychometric approach
title_full Development and validation of a table tennis serve skill assessment instrument for junior high school students: A psychometric approach
title_fullStr Development and validation of a table tennis serve skill assessment instrument for junior high school students: A psychometric approach
title_full_unstemmed Development and validation of a table tennis serve skill assessment instrument for junior high school students: A psychometric approach
title_short Development and validation of a table tennis serve skill assessment instrument for junior high school students: A psychometric approach
title_sort development and validation of a table tennis serve skill assessment instrument for junior high school students a psychometric approach
topic reliability
table tennis
validity
url https://journal.rezkimedia.or.id/pes/article/view/525
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AT sitinurrochmah developmentandvalidationofatabletennisserveskillassessmentinstrumentforjuniorhighschoolstudentsapsychometricapproach