Nerve conduction studies in the early diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the importance of split-hand phenomenon

Aim: The heterogeneity of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) clinical phenotypes leads to difficulties in early diagnosis. The ‘split hand’ sign is defined as the thenar muscles that are more prominently affected by hypothenar. In this study, the results of the initial nerve conduction study of...

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Main Authors: Betül Çevik, Dürdane Aksoy, Orhan Sümbül, Semiha Gülsüm Kurt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Selcuk University Press 2022-08-01
Series:Genel Tıp Dergisi
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Online Access:https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2487341
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author Betül Çevik
Dürdane Aksoy
Orhan Sümbül
Semiha Gülsüm Kurt
author_facet Betül Çevik
Dürdane Aksoy
Orhan Sümbül
Semiha Gülsüm Kurt
author_sort Betül Çevik
collection DOAJ
description Aim: The heterogeneity of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) clinical phenotypes leads to difficulties in early diagnosis. The ‘split hand’ sign is defined as the thenar muscles that are more prominently affected by hypothenar. In this study, the results of the initial nerve conduction study of the patients were compared with those of the controls in order to increase the findings supporting early diagnosis. Material and Method: Seventy-five patients who were diagnosed with ALS in our clinic were included in the study. The initial ENMG findings of the patients were compared with those of 70 healthy controls: Distal motor latency (DML), the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, velocity in the motor conduction of median, ulnar, peroneal and tibial nerves; distal latency, amplitude, velocity in sensorial conduction were evaluated. Ulnar/median DML and ulnar/median CMAP amplitude ratios were examined. Results: In ALS group, DMLs of the median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves were significantly longer, and CMAP amplitudes were significantly smaller than those of the controls. The sensory conductions of the median, ulnar, and sural nerves were not statistically different between the groups. The ulnar/median DML ratio of the patients was lower than the ratio of controls (0.73/0.80;p=0.003); while the ulnar/median CMAP amplitude ratio was greater (1.40/1.11; p=0.002). Conclusion: Prolonged DML and reduced amplitudes were observed in the motor nerve conduction of ALS patients in the early period. The results of the present study also support the presence of split-hand phenomenon even in early period of limb-onset ALS (both upper and lower). These findings suggest that nerve conduction studies and electrophysiologically detected split-hand sign are important clues for the early diagnosis of ALS in case of heterogeneous clinical phenotype.
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spelling doaj-art-92b65d378ea2481ebef8ca76d27b99902025-08-20T02:43:17ZengSelcuk University PressGenel Tıp Dergisi2602-37412022-08-0132445145410.54005/geneltip.1130954154Nerve conduction studies in the early diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the importance of split-hand phenomenonBetül Çevik0Dürdane Aksoy1Orhan Sümbül2Semiha Gülsüm Kurt3TOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, NÖROLOJİ ANABİLİM DALITOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, NÖROLOJİ ANABİLİM DALITOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, NÖROLOJİ ANABİLİM DALITOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, NÖROLOJİ ANABİLİM DALIAim: The heterogeneity of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) clinical phenotypes leads to difficulties in early diagnosis. The ‘split hand’ sign is defined as the thenar muscles that are more prominently affected by hypothenar. In this study, the results of the initial nerve conduction study of the patients were compared with those of the controls in order to increase the findings supporting early diagnosis. Material and Method: Seventy-five patients who were diagnosed with ALS in our clinic were included in the study. The initial ENMG findings of the patients were compared with those of 70 healthy controls: Distal motor latency (DML), the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, velocity in the motor conduction of median, ulnar, peroneal and tibial nerves; distal latency, amplitude, velocity in sensorial conduction were evaluated. Ulnar/median DML and ulnar/median CMAP amplitude ratios were examined. Results: In ALS group, DMLs of the median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves were significantly longer, and CMAP amplitudes were significantly smaller than those of the controls. The sensory conductions of the median, ulnar, and sural nerves were not statistically different between the groups. The ulnar/median DML ratio of the patients was lower than the ratio of controls (0.73/0.80;p=0.003); while the ulnar/median CMAP amplitude ratio was greater (1.40/1.11; p=0.002). Conclusion: Prolonged DML and reduced amplitudes were observed in the motor nerve conduction of ALS patients in the early period. The results of the present study also support the presence of split-hand phenomenon even in early period of limb-onset ALS (both upper and lower). These findings suggest that nerve conduction studies and electrophysiologically detected split-hand sign are important clues for the early diagnosis of ALS in case of heterogeneous clinical phenotype.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2487341amyotrophic lateral sclerosissplit-handnerve conduction studyamyotrofik lateral sklerozsinir iletim çalışmasıayrık el
spellingShingle Betül Çevik
Dürdane Aksoy
Orhan Sümbül
Semiha Gülsüm Kurt
Nerve conduction studies in the early diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the importance of split-hand phenomenon
Genel Tıp Dergisi
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
split-hand
nerve conduction study
amyotrofik lateral skleroz
sinir iletim çalışması
ayrık el
title Nerve conduction studies in the early diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the importance of split-hand phenomenon
title_full Nerve conduction studies in the early diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the importance of split-hand phenomenon
title_fullStr Nerve conduction studies in the early diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the importance of split-hand phenomenon
title_full_unstemmed Nerve conduction studies in the early diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the importance of split-hand phenomenon
title_short Nerve conduction studies in the early diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the importance of split-hand phenomenon
title_sort nerve conduction studies in the early diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the importance of split hand phenomenon
topic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
split-hand
nerve conduction study
amyotrofik lateral skleroz
sinir iletim çalışması
ayrık el
url https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2487341
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AT orhansumbul nerveconductionstudiesintheearlydiagnosisofamyotrophiclateralsclerosisandtheimportanceofsplithandphenomenon
AT semihagulsumkurt nerveconductionstudiesintheearlydiagnosisofamyotrophiclateralsclerosisandtheimportanceofsplithandphenomenon