Pediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and intracardiac thrombus: A case report

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis marked by eosinophilia and extravascular granulomas, predominantly affecting the respiratory tract. This report details a unique EGPA case in a 6-year-old girl with extensive cardiac involvement, featuring...

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Main Authors: Katharine V. Jensen, Nicholas Brochez, Christopher Spence, Joel Livingston, Michael Khoury, Jeanine McColl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2024-12-01
Series:SAGE Open Medical Case Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/2050313X241309966
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author Katharine V. Jensen
Nicholas Brochez
Christopher Spence
Joel Livingston
Michael Khoury
Jeanine McColl
author_facet Katharine V. Jensen
Nicholas Brochez
Christopher Spence
Joel Livingston
Michael Khoury
Jeanine McColl
author_sort Katharine V. Jensen
collection DOAJ
description Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis marked by eosinophilia and extravascular granulomas, predominantly affecting the respiratory tract. This report details a unique EGPA case in a 6-year-old girl with extensive cardiac involvement, featuring an atypical intracardiac mass suggestive of endomyocardial fibrosis and a concomitant thrombus. The clinical course unfolded in three phases: an initial prodrome with asthma; subsequent peripheral hypereosinophilia; and ultimately systemic vasculitis. Cardiac involvement, notably an intracardiac mass in the right ventricular apex extending into the interventricular septum, underscored the diverse nature of EGPA. The patient fulfilled sufficient criteria outlined by the American College of Rheumatology and the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology for an EGPA diagnosis, displaying hypereosinophilia, obstructive airway disease, and biopsy-confirmed inflammation predominantly characterized by extravascular eosinophils. Treatment included high-dose methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide, which resulted in clinical improvement and inflammatory marker normalization. To halt right ventricular thrombus progression, therapeutic unfractionated heparin was initiated, and she was transitioned to warfarin, which resulted in complete resolution of the cardiac mass. This case highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for managing complex EGPA manifestations, particularly in pediatrics, and emphasizes the importance of timely intervention in mitigating the impact of cardiac complications associated with EGPA.
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spelling doaj-art-92adb2cf091342198c697f273f6fe5112025-08-20T02:52:27ZengSAGE PublishingSAGE Open Medical Case Reports2050-313X2024-12-011210.1177/2050313X241309966Pediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and intracardiac thrombus: A case reportKatharine V. Jensen0Nicholas Brochez1Christopher Spence2Joel Livingston3Michael Khoury4Jeanine McColl5Division of General Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDivision of General Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDivision of Cardiology, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDivision of Haematology/Oncology, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDivision of Cardiology, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDivision of Rheumatology, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB, CanadaEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis marked by eosinophilia and extravascular granulomas, predominantly affecting the respiratory tract. This report details a unique EGPA case in a 6-year-old girl with extensive cardiac involvement, featuring an atypical intracardiac mass suggestive of endomyocardial fibrosis and a concomitant thrombus. The clinical course unfolded in three phases: an initial prodrome with asthma; subsequent peripheral hypereosinophilia; and ultimately systemic vasculitis. Cardiac involvement, notably an intracardiac mass in the right ventricular apex extending into the interventricular septum, underscored the diverse nature of EGPA. The patient fulfilled sufficient criteria outlined by the American College of Rheumatology and the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology for an EGPA diagnosis, displaying hypereosinophilia, obstructive airway disease, and biopsy-confirmed inflammation predominantly characterized by extravascular eosinophils. Treatment included high-dose methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide, which resulted in clinical improvement and inflammatory marker normalization. To halt right ventricular thrombus progression, therapeutic unfractionated heparin was initiated, and she was transitioned to warfarin, which resulted in complete resolution of the cardiac mass. This case highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for managing complex EGPA manifestations, particularly in pediatrics, and emphasizes the importance of timely intervention in mitigating the impact of cardiac complications associated with EGPA.https://doi.org/10.1177/2050313X241309966
spellingShingle Katharine V. Jensen
Nicholas Brochez
Christopher Spence
Joel Livingston
Michael Khoury
Jeanine McColl
Pediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and intracardiac thrombus: A case report
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports
title Pediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and intracardiac thrombus: A case report
title_full Pediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and intracardiac thrombus: A case report
title_fullStr Pediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and intracardiac thrombus: A case report
title_full_unstemmed Pediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and intracardiac thrombus: A case report
title_short Pediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and intracardiac thrombus: A case report
title_sort pediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and intracardiac thrombus a case report
url https://doi.org/10.1177/2050313X241309966
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