Synchronized Carrier-Wave and High-Frequency Square-Wave Periodic Modulation Strategy for Acoustic Noise Reduction in Sensorless PMSM Drives

High-frequency injection (HFI) is widely adopted for the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) at low speeds. However, conventional HFI strategies relying on fixed-frequency carrier modulation and square-wave injection concentrate current harmonic energy within narrow spe...

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Main Authors: Wentao Zhang, Sizhe Cheng, Pengcheng Zhu, Yiwei Liu, Jiming Zou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2729
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author Wentao Zhang
Sizhe Cheng
Pengcheng Zhu
Yiwei Liu
Jiming Zou
author_facet Wentao Zhang
Sizhe Cheng
Pengcheng Zhu
Yiwei Liu
Jiming Zou
author_sort Wentao Zhang
collection DOAJ
description High-frequency injection (HFI) is widely adopted for the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) at low speeds. However, conventional HFI strategies relying on fixed-frequency carrier modulation and square-wave injection concentrate current harmonic energy within narrow spectral bands, thereby inducing pronounced high-frequency motor vibrations and noise. To mitigate this issue, this paper proposes a noise suppression strategy based on synchronized periodic frequency modulation (PFM) of both the carrier and high-frequency square-wave signals. By innovatively synchronizing the periodic modulation of the triangular carrier in space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) with the injected high-frequency square wave, harmonic energy dispersion and noise reduction are achieved, substantially lowering peak acoustic emissions. First, the harmonic characteristics of the voltage-source inverter output under symmetric triangular carrier SVPWM are analyzed within a sawtooth-wave PFM framework. Concurrently, a harmonic current model is developed for the high-frequency square-wave injection method, enabling the precise derivation of harmonic components. A frequency-synchronized modulation strategy between the carrier and injection signals is proposed, with a rigorous analysis of its harmonic suppression mechanism. The rotor position is then estimated via high-frequency signal extraction and a normalized phase-locked loop (PLL). Comparative simulations and experiments confirm significant noise peak attenuation compared to conventional methods, while position estimation accuracy remains unaffected. This work provides both theoretical and practical advancements for noise-sensitive sensorless motor control applications.
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spelling doaj-art-92a6d48d806447609f61a87f634929b62025-08-20T02:23:03ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-05-011811272910.3390/en18112729Synchronized Carrier-Wave and High-Frequency Square-Wave Periodic Modulation Strategy for Acoustic Noise Reduction in Sensorless PMSM DrivesWentao Zhang0Sizhe Cheng1Pengcheng Zhu2Yiwei Liu3Jiming Zou4School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaHigh-frequency injection (HFI) is widely adopted for the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) at low speeds. However, conventional HFI strategies relying on fixed-frequency carrier modulation and square-wave injection concentrate current harmonic energy within narrow spectral bands, thereby inducing pronounced high-frequency motor vibrations and noise. To mitigate this issue, this paper proposes a noise suppression strategy based on synchronized periodic frequency modulation (PFM) of both the carrier and high-frequency square-wave signals. By innovatively synchronizing the periodic modulation of the triangular carrier in space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) with the injected high-frequency square wave, harmonic energy dispersion and noise reduction are achieved, substantially lowering peak acoustic emissions. First, the harmonic characteristics of the voltage-source inverter output under symmetric triangular carrier SVPWM are analyzed within a sawtooth-wave PFM framework. Concurrently, a harmonic current model is developed for the high-frequency square-wave injection method, enabling the precise derivation of harmonic components. A frequency-synchronized modulation strategy between the carrier and injection signals is proposed, with a rigorous analysis of its harmonic suppression mechanism. The rotor position is then estimated via high-frequency signal extraction and a normalized phase-locked loop (PLL). Comparative simulations and experiments confirm significant noise peak attenuation compared to conventional methods, while position estimation accuracy remains unaffected. This work provides both theoretical and practical advancements for noise-sensitive sensorless motor control applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2729sensorless controlinterior permanent magnet synchronous motorsynchronized periodic frequency modulationaudible noise
spellingShingle Wentao Zhang
Sizhe Cheng
Pengcheng Zhu
Yiwei Liu
Jiming Zou
Synchronized Carrier-Wave and High-Frequency Square-Wave Periodic Modulation Strategy for Acoustic Noise Reduction in Sensorless PMSM Drives
Energies
sensorless control
interior permanent magnet synchronous motor
synchronized periodic frequency modulation
audible noise
title Synchronized Carrier-Wave and High-Frequency Square-Wave Periodic Modulation Strategy for Acoustic Noise Reduction in Sensorless PMSM Drives
title_full Synchronized Carrier-Wave and High-Frequency Square-Wave Periodic Modulation Strategy for Acoustic Noise Reduction in Sensorless PMSM Drives
title_fullStr Synchronized Carrier-Wave and High-Frequency Square-Wave Periodic Modulation Strategy for Acoustic Noise Reduction in Sensorless PMSM Drives
title_full_unstemmed Synchronized Carrier-Wave and High-Frequency Square-Wave Periodic Modulation Strategy for Acoustic Noise Reduction in Sensorless PMSM Drives
title_short Synchronized Carrier-Wave and High-Frequency Square-Wave Periodic Modulation Strategy for Acoustic Noise Reduction in Sensorless PMSM Drives
title_sort synchronized carrier wave and high frequency square wave periodic modulation strategy for acoustic noise reduction in sensorless pmsm drives
topic sensorless control
interior permanent magnet synchronous motor
synchronized periodic frequency modulation
audible noise
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2729
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