SDN-Based VANET Routing: A Comprehensive Survey on Architectures, Protocols, Analysis, and Future Challenges
As the automotive and telecommunication industries advance, more vehicles are becoming connected, leading to the realization of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) supports various ITS services, including safety, convenience, and infotainment services for drive...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10402120/ |
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| author | Nehad Hameed Hussein Johnny Siaw Paw Koh Chong Tak Yaw Sieh Kiong Tiong Foo Benedict Talal Yusaf Kumaran Kadirgama Tan Chung Hong |
| author_facet | Nehad Hameed Hussein Johnny Siaw Paw Koh Chong Tak Yaw Sieh Kiong Tiong Foo Benedict Talal Yusaf Kumaran Kadirgama Tan Chung Hong |
| author_sort | Nehad Hameed Hussein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As the automotive and telecommunication industries advance, more vehicles are becoming connected, leading to the realization of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) supports various ITS services, including safety, convenience, and infotainment services for drivers and passengers. Generally, such services are realized through data sharing among vehicles and nearby infrastructures or vehicles over multi-hop data routing mechanisms. Vehicular data routing faces many challenges caused by vehicle dynamicity, intermittent connectivity, and diverse application requirements. Consequently, the software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm offers unique features such as programmability and flexibility to enhance vehicular network performance and management and meet the quality of services (QoS) requirements of various VANET services. Recently, VANET routing protocols have been improved using multilevel knowledge and an up-to-date global view of traffic conditions offered by SDN technology. The primary objective of this study is to furnish comprehensive information regarding the current SDN-based VANET routing protocols, encompassing intricate details of their underlying mechanisms, forwarding algorithms, and architectural considerations. Each protocol will be thoroughly examined individually, elucidating its strengths, weaknesses, and proposed enhancements. Also, the software-defined vehicular network (SDVN) architectures are presented according to their operation modes and controlling degree. Then, the potential of SDN-based VANET is explored from the aspect of routing and the design requirements of routing protocols in SDVNs. SDVN routing algorithms are uniquely classified according to various criteria. In addition, a complete comparative analysis will be achieved to analyze the protocols regarding performance, optimization, and simulation results. Finally, the challenges and upcoming research directions for developing such protocols are widely stated here. By presenting such insights, this paper provides a comprehensive overview and inspires researchers to enhance existing protocols and explore novel solutions, thereby paving the way for innovation in this field. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-928d705d6ba2425ab4e7150af9fbeba3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-928d705d6ba2425ab4e7150af9fbeba32025-08-20T03:13:41ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011312680112686110.1109/ACCESS.2024.335531310402120SDN-Based VANET Routing: A Comprehensive Survey on Architectures, Protocols, Analysis, and Future ChallengesNehad Hameed Hussein0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-6910Johnny Siaw Paw Koh1Chong Tak Yaw2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-6110Sieh Kiong Tiong3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4447-262XFoo Benedict4Talal Yusaf5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5332-4792Kumaran Kadirgama6Tan Chung Hong7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0234-7257College of Graduate Studies (COGS), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The Energy University), Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The Energy University), Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The Energy University), Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The Energy University), Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaEnhance Track Sdn. Bhd., Puchong, MalaysiaSchool of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaAdvance Nano Coolant-Lubricant (ANCL), College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, MalaysiaInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The Energy University), Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaAs the automotive and telecommunication industries advance, more vehicles are becoming connected, leading to the realization of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) supports various ITS services, including safety, convenience, and infotainment services for drivers and passengers. Generally, such services are realized through data sharing among vehicles and nearby infrastructures or vehicles over multi-hop data routing mechanisms. Vehicular data routing faces many challenges caused by vehicle dynamicity, intermittent connectivity, and diverse application requirements. Consequently, the software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm offers unique features such as programmability and flexibility to enhance vehicular network performance and management and meet the quality of services (QoS) requirements of various VANET services. Recently, VANET routing protocols have been improved using multilevel knowledge and an up-to-date global view of traffic conditions offered by SDN technology. The primary objective of this study is to furnish comprehensive information regarding the current SDN-based VANET routing protocols, encompassing intricate details of their underlying mechanisms, forwarding algorithms, and architectural considerations. Each protocol will be thoroughly examined individually, elucidating its strengths, weaknesses, and proposed enhancements. Also, the software-defined vehicular network (SDVN) architectures are presented according to their operation modes and controlling degree. Then, the potential of SDN-based VANET is explored from the aspect of routing and the design requirements of routing protocols in SDVNs. SDVN routing algorithms are uniquely classified according to various criteria. In addition, a complete comparative analysis will be achieved to analyze the protocols regarding performance, optimization, and simulation results. Finally, the challenges and upcoming research directions for developing such protocols are widely stated here. By presenting such insights, this paper provides a comprehensive overview and inspires researchers to enhance existing protocols and explore novel solutions, thereby paving the way for innovation in this field.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10402120/Vehicular networkenergyvehicular ad-hoc network (VANET)software-defined network (SDN)data routingSDVN |
| spellingShingle | Nehad Hameed Hussein Johnny Siaw Paw Koh Chong Tak Yaw Sieh Kiong Tiong Foo Benedict Talal Yusaf Kumaran Kadirgama Tan Chung Hong SDN-Based VANET Routing: A Comprehensive Survey on Architectures, Protocols, Analysis, and Future Challenges IEEE Access Vehicular network energy vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) software-defined network (SDN) data routing SDVN |
| title | SDN-Based VANET Routing: A Comprehensive Survey on Architectures, Protocols, Analysis, and Future Challenges |
| title_full | SDN-Based VANET Routing: A Comprehensive Survey on Architectures, Protocols, Analysis, and Future Challenges |
| title_fullStr | SDN-Based VANET Routing: A Comprehensive Survey on Architectures, Protocols, Analysis, and Future Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | SDN-Based VANET Routing: A Comprehensive Survey on Architectures, Protocols, Analysis, and Future Challenges |
| title_short | SDN-Based VANET Routing: A Comprehensive Survey on Architectures, Protocols, Analysis, and Future Challenges |
| title_sort | sdn based vanet routing a comprehensive survey on architectures protocols analysis and future challenges |
| topic | Vehicular network energy vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) software-defined network (SDN) data routing SDVN |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10402120/ |
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