Mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization modulates nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression through phospholipid remodeling

Abstract Maintenance of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm) is critical for many aspects of mitochondrial function. While ΔΨm loss and its consequences are well studied, little is known about the effects of mitochondrial hyperpolarization. In this study, we used cells deleted of ATP5IF1...

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Main Authors: Mateus Prates Mori, Oswaldo A. Lozoya, Ashley M. Brooks, Carl D. Bortner, Cristina A. Nadalutti, Birgitta Ryback, Brittany P. Rickard, Marta Overchuk, Imran Rizvi, Tatiana Rogasevskaia, Kai Ting Huang, Prottoy Hasan, György Hajnóczky, Janine H. Santos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59427-5
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author Mateus Prates Mori
Oswaldo A. Lozoya
Ashley M. Brooks
Carl D. Bortner
Cristina A. Nadalutti
Birgitta Ryback
Brittany P. Rickard
Marta Overchuk
Imran Rizvi
Tatiana Rogasevskaia
Kai Ting Huang
Prottoy Hasan
György Hajnóczky
Janine H. Santos
author_facet Mateus Prates Mori
Oswaldo A. Lozoya
Ashley M. Brooks
Carl D. Bortner
Cristina A. Nadalutti
Birgitta Ryback
Brittany P. Rickard
Marta Overchuk
Imran Rizvi
Tatiana Rogasevskaia
Kai Ting Huang
Prottoy Hasan
György Hajnóczky
Janine H. Santos
author_sort Mateus Prates Mori
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Maintenance of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm) is critical for many aspects of mitochondrial function. While ΔΨm loss and its consequences are well studied, little is known about the effects of mitochondrial hyperpolarization. In this study, we used cells deleted of ATP5IF1 (IF1), a natural inhibitor of the hydrolytic activity of the ATP synthase, as a genetic model of increased resting ΔΨm. We found that the nuclear DNA hypermethylates when the ΔΨm is chronically high, regulating the transcription of mitochondrial, carbohydrate and lipid genes. These effects can be reversed by decreasing the ΔΨm and recapitulated in wild-type (WT) cells exposed to environmental chemicals that cause hyperpolarization. Surprisingly, phospholipid changes, but not redox or metabolic alterations, linked the ΔΨm to the epigenome. Sorted hyperpolarized WT and ovarian cancer cells naturally depleted of IF1 also showed phospholipid remodeling, indicating this as an adaptation to mitochondrial hyperpolarization. These data provide a new framework for how mitochondria can impact epigenetics and cellular biology to influence health outcomes, including through chemical exposures and in disease states.
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spelling doaj-art-928c4c44ab524ebcbccb9c1103be9e7b2025-08-20T02:55:29ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-04-0116112010.1038/s41467-025-59427-5Mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization modulates nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression through phospholipid remodelingMateus Prates Mori0Oswaldo A. Lozoya1Ashley M. Brooks2Carl D. Bortner3Cristina A. Nadalutti4Birgitta Ryback5Brittany P. Rickard6Marta Overchuk7Imran Rizvi8Tatiana Rogasevskaia9Kai Ting Huang10Prottoy Hasan11György Hajnóczky12Janine H. Santos13Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH)Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH)Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH)Flow Cytometry Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH)Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH)Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolCurriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina (UNC)Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State UniversityDepartment of Biology, Mount Royal UniversityMitoCare Center, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson UniversityMitoCare Center, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson UniversityMitoCare Center, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson UniversityMechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH)Abstract Maintenance of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm) is critical for many aspects of mitochondrial function. While ΔΨm loss and its consequences are well studied, little is known about the effects of mitochondrial hyperpolarization. In this study, we used cells deleted of ATP5IF1 (IF1), a natural inhibitor of the hydrolytic activity of the ATP synthase, as a genetic model of increased resting ΔΨm. We found that the nuclear DNA hypermethylates when the ΔΨm is chronically high, regulating the transcription of mitochondrial, carbohydrate and lipid genes. These effects can be reversed by decreasing the ΔΨm and recapitulated in wild-type (WT) cells exposed to environmental chemicals that cause hyperpolarization. Surprisingly, phospholipid changes, but not redox or metabolic alterations, linked the ΔΨm to the epigenome. Sorted hyperpolarized WT and ovarian cancer cells naturally depleted of IF1 also showed phospholipid remodeling, indicating this as an adaptation to mitochondrial hyperpolarization. These data provide a new framework for how mitochondria can impact epigenetics and cellular biology to influence health outcomes, including through chemical exposures and in disease states.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59427-5
spellingShingle Mateus Prates Mori
Oswaldo A. Lozoya
Ashley M. Brooks
Carl D. Bortner
Cristina A. Nadalutti
Birgitta Ryback
Brittany P. Rickard
Marta Overchuk
Imran Rizvi
Tatiana Rogasevskaia
Kai Ting Huang
Prottoy Hasan
György Hajnóczky
Janine H. Santos
Mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization modulates nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression through phospholipid remodeling
Nature Communications
title Mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization modulates nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression through phospholipid remodeling
title_full Mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization modulates nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression through phospholipid remodeling
title_fullStr Mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization modulates nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression through phospholipid remodeling
title_full_unstemmed Mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization modulates nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression through phospholipid remodeling
title_short Mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization modulates nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression through phospholipid remodeling
title_sort mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization modulates nuclear dna methylation and gene expression through phospholipid remodeling
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59427-5
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