Using a Webcam to Assess Upper Extremity Proprioception: Experimental Validation and Application to Persons Post Stroke

Many medical conditions impair proprioception but there are few easy-to-deploy technologies for assessing proprioceptive deficits. Here, we developed a method—called “OpenPoint”—to quantify upper extremity (UE) proprioception using only a webcam as the sensor. OpenPoint automates a classic neurologi...

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Main Authors: Guillem Cornella-Barba, Andria J. Farrens, Christopher A. Johnson, Luis Garcia-Fernandez, Vicky Chan, David J. Reinkensmeyer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7434
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author Guillem Cornella-Barba
Andria J. Farrens
Christopher A. Johnson
Luis Garcia-Fernandez
Vicky Chan
David J. Reinkensmeyer
author_facet Guillem Cornella-Barba
Andria J. Farrens
Christopher A. Johnson
Luis Garcia-Fernandez
Vicky Chan
David J. Reinkensmeyer
author_sort Guillem Cornella-Barba
collection DOAJ
description Many medical conditions impair proprioception but there are few easy-to-deploy technologies for assessing proprioceptive deficits. Here, we developed a method—called “OpenPoint”—to quantify upper extremity (UE) proprioception using only a webcam as the sensor. OpenPoint automates a classic neurological test: the ability of a person to use one hand to point to a finger on their other hand with vision obscured. Proprioception ability is quantified with pointing error in the frontal plane measured by a deep-learning-based, computer vision library (MediaPipe). In a first experiment with 40 unimpaired adults, pointing error significantly increased when we replaced the target hand with a fake hand, verifying that this task depends on the availability of proprioceptive information from the target hand, and that we can reliably detect this dependence with computer vision. In a second experiment, we quantified UE proprioceptive ability in 16 post-stroke participants. Individuals post stroke exhibited increased pointing error (<i>p</i> < 0.001) that was correlated with finger proprioceptive error measured with an independent, robotic assessment (r = 0.62, <i>p</i> = 0.02). These results validate a novel method to assess UE proprioception ability using affordable computer technology, which provides a potential means to democratize quantitative proprioception testing in clinical and telemedicine environments.
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spelling doaj-art-927f4553b5df4c1b8be20c4f24b70eb02025-08-20T01:55:38ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-11-012423743410.3390/s24237434Using a Webcam to Assess Upper Extremity Proprioception: Experimental Validation and Application to Persons Post StrokeGuillem Cornella-Barba0Andria J. Farrens1Christopher A. Johnson2Luis Garcia-Fernandez3Vicky Chan4David J. Reinkensmeyer5Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USARancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Rancho Research Institute, Downey, CA 90242, USADepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USAIrvine Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Services, University of California, Orange, CA 92868, USADepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USAMany medical conditions impair proprioception but there are few easy-to-deploy technologies for assessing proprioceptive deficits. Here, we developed a method—called “OpenPoint”—to quantify upper extremity (UE) proprioception using only a webcam as the sensor. OpenPoint automates a classic neurological test: the ability of a person to use one hand to point to a finger on their other hand with vision obscured. Proprioception ability is quantified with pointing error in the frontal plane measured by a deep-learning-based, computer vision library (MediaPipe). In a first experiment with 40 unimpaired adults, pointing error significantly increased when we replaced the target hand with a fake hand, verifying that this task depends on the availability of proprioceptive information from the target hand, and that we can reliably detect this dependence with computer vision. In a second experiment, we quantified UE proprioceptive ability in 16 post-stroke participants. Individuals post stroke exhibited increased pointing error (<i>p</i> < 0.001) that was correlated with finger proprioceptive error measured with an independent, robotic assessment (r = 0.62, <i>p</i> = 0.02). These results validate a novel method to assess UE proprioception ability using affordable computer technology, which provides a potential means to democratize quantitative proprioception testing in clinical and telemedicine environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7434proprioceptioncomputer visionpointing errorhome-based rehabilitation
spellingShingle Guillem Cornella-Barba
Andria J. Farrens
Christopher A. Johnson
Luis Garcia-Fernandez
Vicky Chan
David J. Reinkensmeyer
Using a Webcam to Assess Upper Extremity Proprioception: Experimental Validation and Application to Persons Post Stroke
Sensors
proprioception
computer vision
pointing error
home-based rehabilitation
title Using a Webcam to Assess Upper Extremity Proprioception: Experimental Validation and Application to Persons Post Stroke
title_full Using a Webcam to Assess Upper Extremity Proprioception: Experimental Validation and Application to Persons Post Stroke
title_fullStr Using a Webcam to Assess Upper Extremity Proprioception: Experimental Validation and Application to Persons Post Stroke
title_full_unstemmed Using a Webcam to Assess Upper Extremity Proprioception: Experimental Validation and Application to Persons Post Stroke
title_short Using a Webcam to Assess Upper Extremity Proprioception: Experimental Validation and Application to Persons Post Stroke
title_sort using a webcam to assess upper extremity proprioception experimental validation and application to persons post stroke
topic proprioception
computer vision
pointing error
home-based rehabilitation
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7434
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