Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomy

Actinomyces organisms reside on mucosal surfaces of the oropharynx and the genitourinary tract. Polymicrobial infections with Actinomyces organisms are increasingly being reported in the literature. Since these infections differ from classical actinomycosis, lacking of specific clinical and imaging...

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Main Author: Eija Könönen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Oral Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20002297.2024.2354148
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author Eija Könönen
author_facet Eija Könönen
author_sort Eija Könönen
collection DOAJ
description Actinomyces organisms reside on mucosal surfaces of the oropharynx and the genitourinary tract. Polymicrobial infections with Actinomyces organisms are increasingly being reported in the literature. Since these infections differ from classical actinomycosis, lacking of specific clinical and imaging findings, slow-growing Actinomyces organisms can be regarded as contaminants or insignificant findings. In addition, only limited knowledge is available about novel Actinomyces species and their clinical relevance. The recent reclassifications have resulted in the transfer of several Actinomyces species to novel genera Bowdeniella, Gleimia, Pauljensenia, Schaalia, or Winkia. The spectrum of diseases associated with specific members of Actinomyces and these related genera varies. In human infections, the most common species are Actinomyces israelii, Schaalia meyeri, and Schaalia odontolytica, which are typical inhabitants of the mouth, and Gleimia europaea, Schaalia turicensis, and Winkia neuii. In this narrative review, the purpose was to gather information on the emerging role of specific organisms within the Actinomyces and related genera in polymicrobial infections. These include Actinomyces graevenitzii in pulmonary infections, S. meyeri in brain abscesses and infections in the lower respiratory tract, S. turicensis in skin-related infections, G. europaea in necrotizing fasciitis and skin abscesses, and W. neuii in infected tissues around prostheses and devices. Increased understanding of the role of Actinomyces and related species in polymicrobial infections could provide improved outcomes for patient care.Key messages Due to the reclassification of the genus, many former Actinomyces species belong to novel genera Bowdeniella, Gleimia, Pauljensenia, Schaalia, or Winkia.Some of the species play emerging roles in specific infection types in humans.Increasing awareness of their clinical relevance as an established or a putative pathogen in polymicrobial infections brings about improved outcomes for patient care.
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spelling doaj-art-92692fa80b1d43fc96dc32e1247162fd2025-08-20T01:53:15ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Oral Microbiology2000-22972024-12-0116110.1080/20002297.2024.2354148Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomyEija Könönen0Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandActinomyces organisms reside on mucosal surfaces of the oropharynx and the genitourinary tract. Polymicrobial infections with Actinomyces organisms are increasingly being reported in the literature. Since these infections differ from classical actinomycosis, lacking of specific clinical and imaging findings, slow-growing Actinomyces organisms can be regarded as contaminants or insignificant findings. In addition, only limited knowledge is available about novel Actinomyces species and their clinical relevance. The recent reclassifications have resulted in the transfer of several Actinomyces species to novel genera Bowdeniella, Gleimia, Pauljensenia, Schaalia, or Winkia. The spectrum of diseases associated with specific members of Actinomyces and these related genera varies. In human infections, the most common species are Actinomyces israelii, Schaalia meyeri, and Schaalia odontolytica, which are typical inhabitants of the mouth, and Gleimia europaea, Schaalia turicensis, and Winkia neuii. In this narrative review, the purpose was to gather information on the emerging role of specific organisms within the Actinomyces and related genera in polymicrobial infections. These include Actinomyces graevenitzii in pulmonary infections, S. meyeri in brain abscesses and infections in the lower respiratory tract, S. turicensis in skin-related infections, G. europaea in necrotizing fasciitis and skin abscesses, and W. neuii in infected tissues around prostheses and devices. Increased understanding of the role of Actinomyces and related species in polymicrobial infections could provide improved outcomes for patient care.Key messages Due to the reclassification of the genus, many former Actinomyces species belong to novel genera Bowdeniella, Gleimia, Pauljensenia, Schaalia, or Winkia.Some of the species play emerging roles in specific infection types in humans.Increasing awareness of their clinical relevance as an established or a putative pathogen in polymicrobial infections brings about improved outcomes for patient care.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20002297.2024.2354148ActinomycesGleimiaSchaaliaWinkiataxonomycommensal
spellingShingle Eija Könönen
Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomy
Journal of Oral Microbiology
Actinomyces
Gleimia
Schaalia
Winkia
taxonomy
commensal
title Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomy
title_full Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomy
title_fullStr Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomy
title_full_unstemmed Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomy
title_short Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomy
title_sort polymicrobial infections with specific actinomyces and related organisms using the current taxonomy
topic Actinomyces
Gleimia
Schaalia
Winkia
taxonomy
commensal
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20002297.2024.2354148
work_keys_str_mv AT eijakononen polymicrobialinfectionswithspecificactinomycesandrelatedorganismsusingthecurrenttaxonomy