The Swab, the Drip, or the Meat? Comparison of Microbiological Sampling Methods in Vacuum-Packed Raw Beef
Historically, there has been a concern for the detection and enumeration of microorganisms in foods, and numerous methods have been developed to determine their microbiological conditions. The present study aimed to compare the numbers of microbes recovered with three sampling methods: drip, excisio...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Aracely Martínez-Moreno America Chávez-Martínez Janet E. Corry Christopher R. Helps Raúl. A. Reyes-Villagrana Juan. M. Tirado Gallegos Eduardo Santellano-Estrada Ana L. Rentería-Monterrubio |
| author_facet | Aracely Martínez-Moreno America Chávez-Martínez Janet E. Corry Christopher R. Helps Raúl. A. Reyes-Villagrana Juan. M. Tirado Gallegos Eduardo Santellano-Estrada Ana L. Rentería-Monterrubio |
| author_sort | Aracely Martínez-Moreno |
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| description | Historically, there has been a concern for the detection and enumeration of microorganisms in foods, and numerous methods have been developed to determine their microbiological conditions. The present study aimed to compare the numbers of microbes recovered with three sampling methods: drip, excision, and swabbing in vacuum-packed beef. The sampling methods were evaluated in terms of the viable numbers of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), <i>Brochrothrix thermosphacta</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., and yeasts and moulds (Y&M). The numbers of <i>B. thermosphacta</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, LAB, and M&Y recovered with the drip method were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those from the other two methods. Regarding excision and swabbing, the recovery of <i>B. thermosphacta</i> and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with the excision method than swabbing, while there were no statistical differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) between both methods for <i>Salmonella</i> spp., LAB, and Y&M. In conclusion, the drip method can recover up to two logarithms more than the other techniques in vacuum-packed meat; hence, it should be considered when designing and implementing sampling systems for the meat industry. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-9262949221cb4ce795709f5abacfbf562025-01-24T13:42:52ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-01-0113115910.3390/microorganisms13010159The Swab, the Drip, or the Meat? Comparison of Microbiological Sampling Methods in Vacuum-Packed Raw BeefAracely Martínez-Moreno0America Chávez-Martínez1Janet E. Corry2Christopher R. Helps3Raúl. A. Reyes-Villagrana4Juan. M. Tirado Gallegos5Eduardo Santellano-Estrada6Ana L. Rentería-Monterrubio7UACH-CA03 Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, MexicoUACH-CA03 Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, MexicoDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, North Somerset, Langford BS40 5DU, UKDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, North Somerset, Langford BS40 5DU, UKUACH-CA03 Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, MexicoUACH-CA03 Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, MexicoUACH-CA03 Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, MexicoUACH-CA03 Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, MexicoHistorically, there has been a concern for the detection and enumeration of microorganisms in foods, and numerous methods have been developed to determine their microbiological conditions. The present study aimed to compare the numbers of microbes recovered with three sampling methods: drip, excision, and swabbing in vacuum-packed beef. The sampling methods were evaluated in terms of the viable numbers of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), <i>Brochrothrix thermosphacta</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., and yeasts and moulds (Y&M). The numbers of <i>B. thermosphacta</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, LAB, and M&Y recovered with the drip method were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those from the other two methods. Regarding excision and swabbing, the recovery of <i>B. thermosphacta</i> and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with the excision method than swabbing, while there were no statistical differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) between both methods for <i>Salmonella</i> spp., LAB, and Y&M. In conclusion, the drip method can recover up to two logarithms more than the other techniques in vacuum-packed meat; hence, it should be considered when designing and implementing sampling systems for the meat industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/159meat microbiologymicrobial samplingswabbingexcisiondripvacuum-packed meat |
| spellingShingle | Aracely Martínez-Moreno America Chávez-Martínez Janet E. Corry Christopher R. Helps Raúl. A. Reyes-Villagrana Juan. M. Tirado Gallegos Eduardo Santellano-Estrada Ana L. Rentería-Monterrubio The Swab, the Drip, or the Meat? Comparison of Microbiological Sampling Methods in Vacuum-Packed Raw Beef Microorganisms meat microbiology microbial sampling swabbing excision drip vacuum-packed meat |
| title | The Swab, the Drip, or the Meat? Comparison of Microbiological Sampling Methods in Vacuum-Packed Raw Beef |
| title_full | The Swab, the Drip, or the Meat? Comparison of Microbiological Sampling Methods in Vacuum-Packed Raw Beef |
| title_fullStr | The Swab, the Drip, or the Meat? Comparison of Microbiological Sampling Methods in Vacuum-Packed Raw Beef |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Swab, the Drip, or the Meat? Comparison of Microbiological Sampling Methods in Vacuum-Packed Raw Beef |
| title_short | The Swab, the Drip, or the Meat? Comparison of Microbiological Sampling Methods in Vacuum-Packed Raw Beef |
| title_sort | swab the drip or the meat comparison of microbiological sampling methods in vacuum packed raw beef |
| topic | meat microbiology microbial sampling swabbing excision drip vacuum-packed meat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/159 |
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