Drivers of global tourism carbon emissions

Abstract Tourism has a critical role to play in global carbon emissions pathway. This study estimates the global tourism carbon footprint and identifies the key drivers using environmentally extended input-output modelling. The results indicate that global tourism emissions grew 3.5% p.a. between 20...

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Main Authors: Ya-Yen Sun, Futu Faturay, Manfred Lenzen, Stefan Gössling, James Higham
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-12-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54582-7
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author Ya-Yen Sun
Futu Faturay
Manfred Lenzen
Stefan Gössling
James Higham
author_facet Ya-Yen Sun
Futu Faturay
Manfred Lenzen
Stefan Gössling
James Higham
author_sort Ya-Yen Sun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tourism has a critical role to play in global carbon emissions pathway. This study estimates the global tourism carbon footprint and identifies the key drivers using environmentally extended input-output modelling. The results indicate that global tourism emissions grew 3.5% p.a. between 2009-2019, double that of the worldwide economy, reaching 5.2 Gt CO2-e or 8.8% of total global GHG emissions in 2019. The primary drivers of emissions growth are slow technology efficiency gains (0.3% p.a.) combined with sustained high growth in tourism demand (3.8% p.a. in constant 2009 prices). Tourism emissions are associated with alarming distributional inequalities. Under both destination- and resident-based accounting, the twenty highest-emitting countries contribute three-quarters of the global footprint. The disparity in per-capita tourism emissions between high- and low-income nations now exceeds two orders of magnitude. National tourism decarbonisation strategies will require demand volume thresholds to be defined to align global tourism with the Paris Agreement.
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spelling doaj-art-9256bbb40edc4a1ab1da0a96bbd76a732025-08-20T02:41:34ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232024-12-0115111010.1038/s41467-024-54582-7Drivers of global tourism carbon emissionsYa-Yen Sun0Futu Faturay1Manfred Lenzen2Stefan Gössling3James Higham4The University of QueenslandThe University of QueenslandISA, School of Physics A28, The University of SydneyWestern Norway Research InstituteGriffith University, 170 Kessels RoadAbstract Tourism has a critical role to play in global carbon emissions pathway. This study estimates the global tourism carbon footprint and identifies the key drivers using environmentally extended input-output modelling. The results indicate that global tourism emissions grew 3.5% p.a. between 2009-2019, double that of the worldwide economy, reaching 5.2 Gt CO2-e or 8.8% of total global GHG emissions in 2019. The primary drivers of emissions growth are slow technology efficiency gains (0.3% p.a.) combined with sustained high growth in tourism demand (3.8% p.a. in constant 2009 prices). Tourism emissions are associated with alarming distributional inequalities. Under both destination- and resident-based accounting, the twenty highest-emitting countries contribute three-quarters of the global footprint. The disparity in per-capita tourism emissions between high- and low-income nations now exceeds two orders of magnitude. National tourism decarbonisation strategies will require demand volume thresholds to be defined to align global tourism with the Paris Agreement.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54582-7
spellingShingle Ya-Yen Sun
Futu Faturay
Manfred Lenzen
Stefan Gössling
James Higham
Drivers of global tourism carbon emissions
Nature Communications
title Drivers of global tourism carbon emissions
title_full Drivers of global tourism carbon emissions
title_fullStr Drivers of global tourism carbon emissions
title_full_unstemmed Drivers of global tourism carbon emissions
title_short Drivers of global tourism carbon emissions
title_sort drivers of global tourism carbon emissions
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54582-7
work_keys_str_mv AT yayensun driversofglobaltourismcarbonemissions
AT futufaturay driversofglobaltourismcarbonemissions
AT manfredlenzen driversofglobaltourismcarbonemissions
AT stefangossling driversofglobaltourismcarbonemissions
AT jameshigham driversofglobaltourismcarbonemissions