Impact of Ultrasound on a Gluten-Free Composite Flour Based on Rice Flour and Corn Starch for Breadmaking Applications

Ultrasound (US) treatment is an eco-friendly physical modification technique increasingly used to enhance the functionality of gluten-free flours. In this study, the impact of sonication on the techno-functional, thermal, structural, and rheological properties of a composite gluten-free flour was in...

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Main Authors: Mahsa Farrokhi, Ines N. Ramos, Cristina L. M. Silva
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1094
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author Mahsa Farrokhi
Ines N. Ramos
Cristina L. M. Silva
author_facet Mahsa Farrokhi
Ines N. Ramos
Cristina L. M. Silva
author_sort Mahsa Farrokhi
collection DOAJ
description Ultrasound (US) treatment is an eco-friendly physical modification technique increasingly used to enhance the functionality of gluten-free flours. In this study, the impact of sonication on the techno-functional, thermal, structural, and rheological properties of a composite gluten-free flour was investigated. The flour, comprising corn starch, rice flour, and other ingredients, was treated at hydration levels of 15% and 25% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) under controlled conditions (10 min of sonication at 20 °C) and compared to a non-sonicated control. Sonication reduced the water absorption capacity (WAC) and swelling power (SP) while increasing the oil absorption capacity (OAC) and water solubility (WSI). Thermal analysis revealed lower gelatinization enthalpy, indicating structural modifications induced by cavitation. Structural assessments (XRD and FTIR) confirmed minimal alterations in crystallinity and short-range order. Rheological studies demonstrated an enhanced elasticity in the gel structure, especially at 15% hydration, while a morphological analysis via SEM highlighted particle fragmentation and surface roughening. These findings demonstrate the potential of ultrasound to modify gluten-free flours for improved functionality and diverse applications in gluten-free product development.
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spelling doaj-art-924e434b61d64707bc8db4b3e4a0bc452025-08-20T02:15:58ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-03-01147109410.3390/foods14071094Impact of Ultrasound on a Gluten-Free Composite Flour Based on Rice Flour and Corn Starch for Breadmaking ApplicationsMahsa Farrokhi0Ines N. Ramos1Cristina L. M. Silva2CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalCBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalCBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalUltrasound (US) treatment is an eco-friendly physical modification technique increasingly used to enhance the functionality of gluten-free flours. In this study, the impact of sonication on the techno-functional, thermal, structural, and rheological properties of a composite gluten-free flour was investigated. The flour, comprising corn starch, rice flour, and other ingredients, was treated at hydration levels of 15% and 25% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) under controlled conditions (10 min of sonication at 20 °C) and compared to a non-sonicated control. Sonication reduced the water absorption capacity (WAC) and swelling power (SP) while increasing the oil absorption capacity (OAC) and water solubility (WSI). Thermal analysis revealed lower gelatinization enthalpy, indicating structural modifications induced by cavitation. Structural assessments (XRD and FTIR) confirmed minimal alterations in crystallinity and short-range order. Rheological studies demonstrated an enhanced elasticity in the gel structure, especially at 15% hydration, while a morphological analysis via SEM highlighted particle fragmentation and surface roughening. These findings demonstrate the potential of ultrasound to modify gluten-free flours for improved functionality and diverse applications in gluten-free product development.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1094ultrasound treatmentcomposite gluten-free flourtechno-functional propertiesthermal analysisrheological propertiesstructural modifications
spellingShingle Mahsa Farrokhi
Ines N. Ramos
Cristina L. M. Silva
Impact of Ultrasound on a Gluten-Free Composite Flour Based on Rice Flour and Corn Starch for Breadmaking Applications
Foods
ultrasound treatment
composite gluten-free flour
techno-functional properties
thermal analysis
rheological properties
structural modifications
title Impact of Ultrasound on a Gluten-Free Composite Flour Based on Rice Flour and Corn Starch for Breadmaking Applications
title_full Impact of Ultrasound on a Gluten-Free Composite Flour Based on Rice Flour and Corn Starch for Breadmaking Applications
title_fullStr Impact of Ultrasound on a Gluten-Free Composite Flour Based on Rice Flour and Corn Starch for Breadmaking Applications
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Ultrasound on a Gluten-Free Composite Flour Based on Rice Flour and Corn Starch for Breadmaking Applications
title_short Impact of Ultrasound on a Gluten-Free Composite Flour Based on Rice Flour and Corn Starch for Breadmaking Applications
title_sort impact of ultrasound on a gluten free composite flour based on rice flour and corn starch for breadmaking applications
topic ultrasound treatment
composite gluten-free flour
techno-functional properties
thermal analysis
rheological properties
structural modifications
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1094
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AT cristinalmsilva impactofultrasoundonaglutenfreecompositeflourbasedonriceflourandcornstarchforbreadmakingapplications