Prognostic significance of tumor size for primary invasive cutaneous melanoma: A population‐based study, 2004‐2016

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the independent prognostic value of tumor size compared with other clinical and pathologic features of primary invasive cutaneous melanoma (CM). Methods This study included 28,593 patients with primary invasive CM in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End...

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Main Authors: Qiuying Ma, Huinan Suo, Li Zhu, Yue Qian, Xiaoyan Sun, Jun Xie, Qianru Li, Yangxue Fu, Jun Li, Juan Tao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-07-01
Series:Cancer Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.3065
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author Qiuying Ma
Huinan Suo
Li Zhu
Yue Qian
Xiaoyan Sun
Jun Xie
Qianru Li
Yangxue Fu
Jun Li
Juan Tao
author_facet Qiuying Ma
Huinan Suo
Li Zhu
Yue Qian
Xiaoyan Sun
Jun Xie
Qianru Li
Yangxue Fu
Jun Li
Juan Tao
author_sort Qiuying Ma
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the independent prognostic value of tumor size compared with other clinical and pathologic features of primary invasive cutaneous melanoma (CM). Methods This study included 28,593 patients with primary invasive CM in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database diagnosed from 2004 through 2016. Tumor size was divided into five subgroups (≤6, 7‐12, 13‐30, 31‐42, and >42 mm). The primary endpoint was melanoma‐specific survival (MSS). Results The relationship between tumor size and survival was piecewise. After adjusting for age, sex, primary site, histopathologic cell type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate, regional metastasis, and distant metastasis, the hazard ratio (HR) of MSS increased with increasing tumor size until a peak at 31‐42 mm (HRs, 1.33, 1.59, 2.41, respectively; all P < .0001), and then decreased when tumor size was larger than 42 mm using tumor size ≤ 6 mm as the reference (HR, 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84 −2.42; P < .0001). This pattern mostly remained after stratification by T subcategories from T1 to T4 in localized primary CM except that tumor size >42 mm subgroup had the shortest MSS in T4. In addition, tumor size with a cutoff value of 12 mm showed stronger prognostic value for MSS (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.80‐2.98; P < .0001) than Breslow thickness and mitotic rate in primary CM with T1N0M0. Conclusions Tumor size was an important independent prognostic factor for MSS in patients with primary invasive CM. Tumor size larger than 30 mm would provide additional and important prognostic information in each T subcategory of localized CM. Furthermore, tumor size with a cutoff value of 12 mm has great potential in improving the accuracy of melanoma T1 substaging.
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spelling doaj-art-924882ac9e774599b3dc14a757a3db3d2025-08-20T01:58:43ZengWileyCancer Medicine2045-76342020-07-019134561457110.1002/cam4.3065Prognostic significance of tumor size for primary invasive cutaneous melanoma: A population‐based study, 2004‐2016Qiuying Ma0Huinan Suo1Li Zhu2Yue Qian3Xiaoyan Sun4Jun Xie5Qianru Li6Yangxue Fu7Jun Li8Juan Tao9Department of Dermatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Dermatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Dermatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Dermatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Dermatology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Dermatology Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Dermatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Dermatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Dermatology The Central Hospital of Wuhan Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Dermatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan ChinaAbstract Background This study aimed to assess the independent prognostic value of tumor size compared with other clinical and pathologic features of primary invasive cutaneous melanoma (CM). Methods This study included 28,593 patients with primary invasive CM in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database diagnosed from 2004 through 2016. Tumor size was divided into five subgroups (≤6, 7‐12, 13‐30, 31‐42, and >42 mm). The primary endpoint was melanoma‐specific survival (MSS). Results The relationship between tumor size and survival was piecewise. After adjusting for age, sex, primary site, histopathologic cell type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate, regional metastasis, and distant metastasis, the hazard ratio (HR) of MSS increased with increasing tumor size until a peak at 31‐42 mm (HRs, 1.33, 1.59, 2.41, respectively; all P < .0001), and then decreased when tumor size was larger than 42 mm using tumor size ≤ 6 mm as the reference (HR, 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84 −2.42; P < .0001). This pattern mostly remained after stratification by T subcategories from T1 to T4 in localized primary CM except that tumor size >42 mm subgroup had the shortest MSS in T4. In addition, tumor size with a cutoff value of 12 mm showed stronger prognostic value for MSS (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.80‐2.98; P < .0001) than Breslow thickness and mitotic rate in primary CM with T1N0M0. Conclusions Tumor size was an important independent prognostic factor for MSS in patients with primary invasive CM. Tumor size larger than 30 mm would provide additional and important prognostic information in each T subcategory of localized CM. Furthermore, tumor size with a cutoff value of 12 mm has great potential in improving the accuracy of melanoma T1 substaging.https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.3065cutaneous melanomamelanoma‐specific survivalstagingSEERtumor size
spellingShingle Qiuying Ma
Huinan Suo
Li Zhu
Yue Qian
Xiaoyan Sun
Jun Xie
Qianru Li
Yangxue Fu
Jun Li
Juan Tao
Prognostic significance of tumor size for primary invasive cutaneous melanoma: A population‐based study, 2004‐2016
Cancer Medicine
cutaneous melanoma
melanoma‐specific survival
staging
SEER
tumor size
title Prognostic significance of tumor size for primary invasive cutaneous melanoma: A population‐based study, 2004‐2016
title_full Prognostic significance of tumor size for primary invasive cutaneous melanoma: A population‐based study, 2004‐2016
title_fullStr Prognostic significance of tumor size for primary invasive cutaneous melanoma: A population‐based study, 2004‐2016
title_full_unstemmed Prognostic significance of tumor size for primary invasive cutaneous melanoma: A population‐based study, 2004‐2016
title_short Prognostic significance of tumor size for primary invasive cutaneous melanoma: A population‐based study, 2004‐2016
title_sort prognostic significance of tumor size for primary invasive cutaneous melanoma a population based study 2004 2016
topic cutaneous melanoma
melanoma‐specific survival
staging
SEER
tumor size
url https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.3065
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