Pirfenidone Alleviates Choroidal Neovascular Fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway

Background. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a major role in CNV. However, the mechanism is unclear. This study investigates the effect of Pirfenidone (PFD) on TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway on the development of choroidal neovascular fibrosis in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse mode...

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Main Authors: Chuang Gao, Xin Cao, Lili Huang, Yueqi Bao, Tao Li, Yue Di, Liucheng Wu, Yu Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:Journal of Ophthalmology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8846708
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author Chuang Gao
Xin Cao
Lili Huang
Yueqi Bao
Tao Li
Yue Di
Liucheng Wu
Yu Song
author_facet Chuang Gao
Xin Cao
Lili Huang
Yueqi Bao
Tao Li
Yue Di
Liucheng Wu
Yu Song
author_sort Chuang Gao
collection DOAJ
description Background. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a major role in CNV. However, the mechanism is unclear. This study investigates the effect of Pirfenidone (PFD) on TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway on the development of choroidal neovascular fibrosis in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model. C57BL/6J male mice (aged from 6 to 8 weeks) received intravitreal injections of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)/PFD solution on 14 days after laser injury. Mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 4% pentobarbital (0.05 mg/g body weight). Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Fundus Fluorescein angiography (FFA), and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) were used to assess CNV formation. The fibrosis area was monitored by staining the collagen type I (Col-I). Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of TGF-β2, Smad 2/3, phosphorylated Smad 2/3 (p-Smad 2/3), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Terminal deoxynucleotidy1 transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay was performed on cryosections of mouse eyes to detect apoptosis. Our data showed PFD inhibited areas of fibrosis during day 21 to day 28. We also found that the levels of TGF-β2 protein expressions increasingly reached the peak till the 3rd week during the CNV development. The protein levels of Smad 2/3, p-Smad 2/3, and α-SMA also increased significantly in CNV mice, but this response was profoundly suppressed by the TGF-β inhibitor PFD. The results of this study suggest that TGF-β2 represents a target to prevent or treat choroidal neovascular fibrosis, and PFD may provide an alternative to traditional methods for Wet Age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) treatment.
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issn 2090-004X
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spelling doaj-art-9245a5d0708045d4a88760764f4a483c2025-02-03T01:29:21ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-004X2090-00582021-01-01202110.1155/2021/88467088846708Pirfenidone Alleviates Choroidal Neovascular Fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad Signaling PathwayChuang Gao0Xin Cao1Lili Huang2Yueqi Bao3Tao Li4Yue Di5Liucheng Wu6Yu Song7Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Wuxi 214002, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, ChinaLaboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, ChinaBackground. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a major role in CNV. However, the mechanism is unclear. This study investigates the effect of Pirfenidone (PFD) on TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway on the development of choroidal neovascular fibrosis in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model. C57BL/6J male mice (aged from 6 to 8 weeks) received intravitreal injections of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)/PFD solution on 14 days after laser injury. Mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 4% pentobarbital (0.05 mg/g body weight). Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Fundus Fluorescein angiography (FFA), and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) were used to assess CNV formation. The fibrosis area was monitored by staining the collagen type I (Col-I). Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of TGF-β2, Smad 2/3, phosphorylated Smad 2/3 (p-Smad 2/3), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Terminal deoxynucleotidy1 transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay was performed on cryosections of mouse eyes to detect apoptosis. Our data showed PFD inhibited areas of fibrosis during day 21 to day 28. We also found that the levels of TGF-β2 protein expressions increasingly reached the peak till the 3rd week during the CNV development. The protein levels of Smad 2/3, p-Smad 2/3, and α-SMA also increased significantly in CNV mice, but this response was profoundly suppressed by the TGF-β inhibitor PFD. The results of this study suggest that TGF-β2 represents a target to prevent or treat choroidal neovascular fibrosis, and PFD may provide an alternative to traditional methods for Wet Age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) treatment.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8846708
spellingShingle Chuang Gao
Xin Cao
Lili Huang
Yueqi Bao
Tao Li
Yue Di
Liucheng Wu
Yu Song
Pirfenidone Alleviates Choroidal Neovascular Fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway
Journal of Ophthalmology
title Pirfenidone Alleviates Choroidal Neovascular Fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway
title_full Pirfenidone Alleviates Choroidal Neovascular Fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway
title_fullStr Pirfenidone Alleviates Choroidal Neovascular Fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway
title_full_unstemmed Pirfenidone Alleviates Choroidal Neovascular Fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway
title_short Pirfenidone Alleviates Choroidal Neovascular Fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway
title_sort pirfenidone alleviates choroidal neovascular fibrosis through tgf β smad signaling pathway
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8846708
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