Does the coronal plane alignment of the ankle and subtalar joints normalize after total knee arthroplasty?
Abstract Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) alters the lower extremity alignment, potentially affecting adjacent joints such as the ankle and subtalar joints. However, the relationship between changes in hindfoot alignment and ankle osteoarthritis (OA) after TKA remains incompletely understood...
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BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Knee Surgery & Related Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-025-00272-7 |
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| author | Katsuki Yamaguchi Tatsuya Sakai Masanori Fujii Satoshi Takashima Shuichi Eto Yosuke Matsumura Satomi Nagamine Hirofumi Tanaka |
| author_facet | Katsuki Yamaguchi Tatsuya Sakai Masanori Fujii Satoshi Takashima Shuichi Eto Yosuke Matsumura Satomi Nagamine Hirofumi Tanaka |
| author_sort | Katsuki Yamaguchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) alters the lower extremity alignment, potentially affecting adjacent joints such as the ankle and subtalar joints. However, the relationship between changes in hindfoot alignment and ankle osteoarthritis (OA) after TKA remains incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether ankle and subtalar alignment normalizes after TKA and to identify factors associated with persistent malalignment. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 331 patients who underwent unilateral mechanical alignment (MA) TKA for knee osteoarthritis. A control group of 40 healthy subjects was used to define normal alignment ranges. Whole-leg anteroposterior weight-bearing radiographs were obtained preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively. Alignment parameters included the hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA), tibiotalar tilt angle (TTA), tibial plafond inclination angle (TPIA), talar inclination angle (TIA), and hindfoot alignment angle (HAA). Pre- and postoperative values were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and changes in the proportion of patients within the normal range were determined. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and chi-squared tests were used for group comparisons, and multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of persistent malalignment. Results HKA improved after TKA (−12° to −2.0°), with corresponding improvements in TPIA (99° to 94°) and TIA (99° to 95°) (all p < 0.001), indicating a significant correction toward neutral alignment. The proportion of patients within normal range increased postoperatively from 16% to 85% for HKA, 26% to 67% for TPIA, 24% to 64% for TIA, and 65% to 73% for HAA. Multivariate analysis identified ankle OA (odds ratio [OR] = 6.62 for TTA), female sex (OR = 2.32 for TPIA; OR = 3.19 for TIA), and varus knee alignment (OR = 2.81 for TIA) as independent predictors of persistent malalignment. Conclusions MA-TKA facilitates partial normalization of coronal hindfoot alignment, particularly at the tibial plafond and talus. However, female sex, varus knee deformity, and pre-existing ankle OA independently limit full correction. These findings highlight the biomechanical interdependence between the knee and hindfoot and may guide surgical decision-making and patient-specific alignment strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-923f236919de40199dde109146ef5d84 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2234-2451 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Knee Surgery & Related Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-923f236919de40199dde109146ef5d842025-08-20T02:15:11ZengBMCKnee Surgery & Related Research2234-24512025-05-013711910.1186/s43019-025-00272-7Does the coronal plane alignment of the ankle and subtalar joints normalize after total knee arthroplasty?Katsuki Yamaguchi0Tatsuya Sakai1Masanori Fujii2Satoshi Takashima3Shuichi Eto4Yosuke Matsumura5Satomi Nagamine6Hirofumi Tanaka7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga UniversityDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga UniversityDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga UniversityDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga UniversityDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Saga National HospitalDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga UniversityDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga UniversityDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyakutake Orthopaedics and Sports ClinicAbstract Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) alters the lower extremity alignment, potentially affecting adjacent joints such as the ankle and subtalar joints. However, the relationship between changes in hindfoot alignment and ankle osteoarthritis (OA) after TKA remains incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether ankle and subtalar alignment normalizes after TKA and to identify factors associated with persistent malalignment. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 331 patients who underwent unilateral mechanical alignment (MA) TKA for knee osteoarthritis. A control group of 40 healthy subjects was used to define normal alignment ranges. Whole-leg anteroposterior weight-bearing radiographs were obtained preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively. Alignment parameters included the hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA), tibiotalar tilt angle (TTA), tibial plafond inclination angle (TPIA), talar inclination angle (TIA), and hindfoot alignment angle (HAA). Pre- and postoperative values were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and changes in the proportion of patients within the normal range were determined. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and chi-squared tests were used for group comparisons, and multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of persistent malalignment. Results HKA improved after TKA (−12° to −2.0°), with corresponding improvements in TPIA (99° to 94°) and TIA (99° to 95°) (all p < 0.001), indicating a significant correction toward neutral alignment. The proportion of patients within normal range increased postoperatively from 16% to 85% for HKA, 26% to 67% for TPIA, 24% to 64% for TIA, and 65% to 73% for HAA. Multivariate analysis identified ankle OA (odds ratio [OR] = 6.62 for TTA), female sex (OR = 2.32 for TPIA; OR = 3.19 for TIA), and varus knee alignment (OR = 2.81 for TIA) as independent predictors of persistent malalignment. Conclusions MA-TKA facilitates partial normalization of coronal hindfoot alignment, particularly at the tibial plafond and talus. However, female sex, varus knee deformity, and pre-existing ankle OA independently limit full correction. These findings highlight the biomechanical interdependence between the knee and hindfoot and may guide surgical decision-making and patient-specific alignment strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-025-00272-7Total knee arthroplastyHindfoot alignmentAnkle osteoarthritisSubtalar jointCoronal alignment |
| spellingShingle | Katsuki Yamaguchi Tatsuya Sakai Masanori Fujii Satoshi Takashima Shuichi Eto Yosuke Matsumura Satomi Nagamine Hirofumi Tanaka Does the coronal plane alignment of the ankle and subtalar joints normalize after total knee arthroplasty? Knee Surgery & Related Research Total knee arthroplasty Hindfoot alignment Ankle osteoarthritis Subtalar joint Coronal alignment |
| title | Does the coronal plane alignment of the ankle and subtalar joints normalize after total knee arthroplasty? |
| title_full | Does the coronal plane alignment of the ankle and subtalar joints normalize after total knee arthroplasty? |
| title_fullStr | Does the coronal plane alignment of the ankle and subtalar joints normalize after total knee arthroplasty? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Does the coronal plane alignment of the ankle and subtalar joints normalize after total knee arthroplasty? |
| title_short | Does the coronal plane alignment of the ankle and subtalar joints normalize after total knee arthroplasty? |
| title_sort | does the coronal plane alignment of the ankle and subtalar joints normalize after total knee arthroplasty |
| topic | Total knee arthroplasty Hindfoot alignment Ankle osteoarthritis Subtalar joint Coronal alignment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-025-00272-7 |
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