Characterization of bleeding in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the precaplacizumab era: a retrospective nationwide analysis

Background: The addition of caplacizumab to immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (iTTP) treatment options has led to a renewed interest in characterizing the epidemiology and risk factors for bleeding in iTTP. Limited data exist on the bleeding risk in iTTP due to systemic underreporting in earlier co...

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Main Authors: Amir A. Mahmoud, Mariam Mostafa, Ali Abdelhay, Mouhamed Yazan Abou-Ismail, Shruti Chaturvedi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475037924003492
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author Amir A. Mahmoud
Mariam Mostafa
Ali Abdelhay
Mouhamed Yazan Abou-Ismail
Shruti Chaturvedi
author_facet Amir A. Mahmoud
Mariam Mostafa
Ali Abdelhay
Mouhamed Yazan Abou-Ismail
Shruti Chaturvedi
author_sort Amir A. Mahmoud
collection DOAJ
description Background: The addition of caplacizumab to immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (iTTP) treatment options has led to a renewed interest in characterizing the epidemiology and risk factors for bleeding in iTTP. Limited data exist on the bleeding risk in iTTP due to systemic underreporting in earlier cohorts. Objectives: To describe the incidence, patterns, and predictors of bleeding in hospitalized iTTP patients independent of caplacizumab use. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the National Inpatient Sample database (2012-2019) and identified adult patients with a diagnosis of iTTP. Predictors of bleeding were determined by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: We identified 3103 iTTP hospitalizations; bleeding occurred in 594 (19.1%), and 157 (5.1%) were characterized by major bleeding. Mucocutaneous bleeding (7.6%) was the most frequent type of bleeding and included heavy menstrual bleeding (2.6%), gingival (2.3%), epistaxis (1.4%), and skin/procedure-related bleeding (1.3%). This was followed closely by gastrointestinal bleeding (5.6%). Patients with bleeding were more likely to be Hispanic, have a weekend admission, and have a higher prevalence of comorbidities. In the multivariable analysis, Hispanic race (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 1.14-1.91), Asian/Pacific Islander/Native American race (OR, 2.04; 1.51-2.76), coronary artery disease (OR, 1.70; 1.38-2.11), heart failure (OR, 1.39; 1.13-1.72), autoimmune disease (OR, 2.61; 2.08-3.26), Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 3 (OR, 2.08; 1.66-2.61), weekend admission (OR, 1.45; 1.22-1.72), and delay ≥2 days in plasma exchange initiation (OR, 1.63; 1.38-1.92), were significantly associated with major bleeding. Conclusions: Bleeding is a relatively common issue in acute iTTP that has not been adequately addressed in existing literature. Further studies are needed to elucidate this risk and associated factors, especially given the incorporation of caplacizumab in the treatment of iTTP.
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spelling doaj-art-923d65fd87c448f783636df4ded8fdd62025-08-20T02:57:02ZengElsevierResearch and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis2475-03792025-01-019110265410.1016/j.rpth.2024.102654Characterization of bleeding in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the precaplacizumab era: a retrospective nationwide analysisAmir A. Mahmoud0Mariam Mostafa1Ali Abdelhay2Mouhamed Yazan Abou-Ismail3Shruti Chaturvedi4Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Correspondence Amir Mahmoud, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, USADivision of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USADivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USABackground: The addition of caplacizumab to immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (iTTP) treatment options has led to a renewed interest in characterizing the epidemiology and risk factors for bleeding in iTTP. Limited data exist on the bleeding risk in iTTP due to systemic underreporting in earlier cohorts. Objectives: To describe the incidence, patterns, and predictors of bleeding in hospitalized iTTP patients independent of caplacizumab use. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the National Inpatient Sample database (2012-2019) and identified adult patients with a diagnosis of iTTP. Predictors of bleeding were determined by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: We identified 3103 iTTP hospitalizations; bleeding occurred in 594 (19.1%), and 157 (5.1%) were characterized by major bleeding. Mucocutaneous bleeding (7.6%) was the most frequent type of bleeding and included heavy menstrual bleeding (2.6%), gingival (2.3%), epistaxis (1.4%), and skin/procedure-related bleeding (1.3%). This was followed closely by gastrointestinal bleeding (5.6%). Patients with bleeding were more likely to be Hispanic, have a weekend admission, and have a higher prevalence of comorbidities. In the multivariable analysis, Hispanic race (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 1.14-1.91), Asian/Pacific Islander/Native American race (OR, 2.04; 1.51-2.76), coronary artery disease (OR, 1.70; 1.38-2.11), heart failure (OR, 1.39; 1.13-1.72), autoimmune disease (OR, 2.61; 2.08-3.26), Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 3 (OR, 2.08; 1.66-2.61), weekend admission (OR, 1.45; 1.22-1.72), and delay ≥2 days in plasma exchange initiation (OR, 1.63; 1.38-1.92), were significantly associated with major bleeding. Conclusions: Bleeding is a relatively common issue in acute iTTP that has not been adequately addressed in existing literature. Further studies are needed to elucidate this risk and associated factors, especially given the incorporation of caplacizumab in the treatment of iTTP.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475037924003492bleedingcaplacizumabNational Inpatient Sampleplasma exchangethrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
spellingShingle Amir A. Mahmoud
Mariam Mostafa
Ali Abdelhay
Mouhamed Yazan Abou-Ismail
Shruti Chaturvedi
Characterization of bleeding in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the precaplacizumab era: a retrospective nationwide analysis
Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
bleeding
caplacizumab
National Inpatient Sample
plasma exchange
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
title Characterization of bleeding in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the precaplacizumab era: a retrospective nationwide analysis
title_full Characterization of bleeding in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the precaplacizumab era: a retrospective nationwide analysis
title_fullStr Characterization of bleeding in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the precaplacizumab era: a retrospective nationwide analysis
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of bleeding in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the precaplacizumab era: a retrospective nationwide analysis
title_short Characterization of bleeding in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the precaplacizumab era: a retrospective nationwide analysis
title_sort characterization of bleeding in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the precaplacizumab era a retrospective nationwide analysis
topic bleeding
caplacizumab
National Inpatient Sample
plasma exchange
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475037924003492
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