Antibiotic consumption in hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative study

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in similar clinical characteristics as bacterial respiratory tract infections and can potentially lead to antibiotic overuse. This study aimed to determine the changes in hospital antimicrobial usage before and during the COVID-19 pandemic....

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Main Authors: Raghda RS Hussein, Al Shaimaa Ibrahim Rabie, Maryam Bin Shaman, Ahmed Hassan Shaaban, Alzhraa M Fahmy, Mahmoud R Sofy, Elizabeth A Lattyak, Ahmed Abuelhana, Ibrahim A Naguib, Ahmed M Ashour, Mamoon A Aldeyab
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2022-11-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/17148
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author Raghda RS Hussein
Al Shaimaa Ibrahim Rabie
Maryam Bin Shaman
Ahmed Hassan Shaaban
Alzhraa M Fahmy
Mahmoud R Sofy
Elizabeth A Lattyak
Ahmed Abuelhana
Ibrahim A Naguib
Ahmed M Ashour
Mamoon A Aldeyab
author_facet Raghda RS Hussein
Al Shaimaa Ibrahim Rabie
Maryam Bin Shaman
Ahmed Hassan Shaaban
Alzhraa M Fahmy
Mahmoud R Sofy
Elizabeth A Lattyak
Ahmed Abuelhana
Ibrahim A Naguib
Ahmed M Ashour
Mamoon A Aldeyab
author_sort Raghda RS Hussein
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in similar clinical characteristics as bacterial respiratory tract infections and can potentially lead to antibiotic overuse. This study aimed to determine the changes in hospital antimicrobial usage before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: We compared antimicrobial consumption data for 2019 and 2020. Inpatient antibiotic consumption was determined and expressed as a defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 occupied bed days, following the World Health Organization (WHO) methods. The WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification was used. Results: The total antimicrobial consumption in 2020 increased by 16.3% compared to consumption in 2019. In 2020, there was a reduction in fourth-generation cephalosporins (-30%), third-generation cephalosporins (-29%), and combinations of penicillins (-23%). In contrast, antibiotics that were consumed more during 2020 compared with 2019 included linezolid (374%), vancomycin (66.6%), and carbapenem (7%). Linezolid is the only antibiotic from the Reserve group on the hospital’s formulary. Antibiotic usage from the Access group was reduced by 17%, while antibiotic usage from the Watch group and the Reserve group was increased by 3% and 374%, respectively. Conclusions: The findings show a significant shift in antibiotic usage from the Access group to the Watch and Reserve groups. The Watch and Reserve groups are known to be associated with increased resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, antimicrobial stewardship should be increased and maintained during the pandemic to ensure appropriate antibiotic use.
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spelling doaj-art-923c6ecd79b243fa994dbd7bf37efd442025-08-20T02:57:52ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802022-11-01161110.3855/jidc.17148Antibiotic consumption in hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative studyRaghda RS Hussein0Al Shaimaa Ibrahim Rabie1Maryam Bin Shaman2Ahmed Hassan Shaaban3Alzhraa M Fahmy4Mahmoud R Sofy5Elizabeth A Lattyak6Ahmed Abuelhana7Ibrahim A Naguib8Ahmed M Ashour9Mamoon A Aldeyab10Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptClinical Pharmacy Department, Faiyum Oncology Center, Faiyum, EgyptPharmacy Department, Prince Mohammad Medical City, Ministry of Health, Aljouf, Saudi ArabiaClinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptTropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptScientific Computing Associates Corp, River Forest, IL, United StatesSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United KingdomDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in similar clinical characteristics as bacterial respiratory tract infections and can potentially lead to antibiotic overuse. This study aimed to determine the changes in hospital antimicrobial usage before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: We compared antimicrobial consumption data for 2019 and 2020. Inpatient antibiotic consumption was determined and expressed as a defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 occupied bed days, following the World Health Organization (WHO) methods. The WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification was used. Results: The total antimicrobial consumption in 2020 increased by 16.3% compared to consumption in 2019. In 2020, there was a reduction in fourth-generation cephalosporins (-30%), third-generation cephalosporins (-29%), and combinations of penicillins (-23%). In contrast, antibiotics that were consumed more during 2020 compared with 2019 included linezolid (374%), vancomycin (66.6%), and carbapenem (7%). Linezolid is the only antibiotic from the Reserve group on the hospital’s formulary. Antibiotic usage from the Access group was reduced by 17%, while antibiotic usage from the Watch group and the Reserve group was increased by 3% and 374%, respectively. Conclusions: The findings show a significant shift in antibiotic usage from the Access group to the Watch and Reserve groups. The Watch and Reserve groups are known to be associated with increased resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, antimicrobial stewardship should be increased and maintained during the pandemic to ensure appropriate antibiotic use. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/17148COVID-19antimicrobialstewardshipresistanceantibiotic consumption
spellingShingle Raghda RS Hussein
Al Shaimaa Ibrahim Rabie
Maryam Bin Shaman
Ahmed Hassan Shaaban
Alzhraa M Fahmy
Mahmoud R Sofy
Elizabeth A Lattyak
Ahmed Abuelhana
Ibrahim A Naguib
Ahmed M Ashour
Mamoon A Aldeyab
Antibiotic consumption in hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative study
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
COVID-19
antimicrobial
stewardship
resistance
antibiotic consumption
title Antibiotic consumption in hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative study
title_full Antibiotic consumption in hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative study
title_fullStr Antibiotic consumption in hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative study
title_full_unstemmed Antibiotic consumption in hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative study
title_short Antibiotic consumption in hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative study
title_sort antibiotic consumption in hospitals during covid 19 pandemic a comparative study
topic COVID-19
antimicrobial
stewardship
resistance
antibiotic consumption
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/17148
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