TFAP2A promotes NSCLC malignant progression by enhancing AOC1 transcription

Abstract Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has high mortality, and patients show variable outcomes and drug responses. Amine oxidase copper-containing 1 (AOC1) is considered an oncogene in many types of tumors. Transcription factor AP-2 alpha (TFAP2A) can affect a variety of biological p...

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Main Authors: Xiang Miao, Hongzhen Zheng, Huimin Mo, Jing Chang, Qin Jia, Hai Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Hereditas
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41065-025-00524-2
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author Xiang Miao
Hongzhen Zheng
Huimin Mo
Jing Chang
Qin Jia
Hai Zhou
author_facet Xiang Miao
Hongzhen Zheng
Huimin Mo
Jing Chang
Qin Jia
Hai Zhou
author_sort Xiang Miao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has high mortality, and patients show variable outcomes and drug responses. Amine oxidase copper-containing 1 (AOC1) is considered an oncogene in many types of tumors. Transcription factor AP-2 alpha (TFAP2A) can affect a variety of biological processes and play a crucial role in driving tumorigenesis and tumor development. Consequently, this work is designed to delve into the effects of AOC1 and TFAP2A on NSCLC progression. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was employed to analyze AOC1 and TFAP2A expression in the TNMplot database and the survival significance of high- or low-expression of AOC1 in NSCLC patients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot were implemented to assay the mRNA and protein expression levels of genes. Cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were detected using 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU), wound healing, and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined using JC-1 and ROS detection kits. The macrophage M2 polarization was tested via flow cytometry. The construction of subcutaneous transplanted tumors in nude mice confirmed the effect of AOC1 in vivo. In order to discern the upstream regulatory mechanisms, the JASPAR database was utilized to predict the transcription factors and binding sites associated with AOC1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) and luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to solidify the binding relationship between AOC1 and TFAP2A. Results AOC1 and TFAP2A levels were increased in NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines (A-549 and NCI-H1299). AOC1 knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, M2 macrophage polarization, and mitochondrial membrane potential, and facilitated cell apoptosis and ROS. In vivo, sh-AOC1 suppressed NSCLC tumor growth. Furthermore, TFAP2A facilitated AOC1 expression via transcriptional regulation in NSCLC. Mechanically, TFAP2A promoted NSCLC progression via facilitating AOC1 expression. Conclusions Silencing TFAP2A inhibits NSCLC progression via regulating AOC1 transcription. Hence, AOC1/TFAP2A may be a feasible therapeutic target for NSCLC. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-9231d5bea63841b5941dc0cd5dcdd60b2025-08-20T03:05:29ZengBMCHereditas1601-52232025-08-01162111310.1186/s41065-025-00524-2TFAP2A promotes NSCLC malignant progression by enhancing AOC1 transcriptionXiang Miao0Hongzhen Zheng1Huimin Mo2Jing Chang3Qin Jia4Hai Zhou5Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu DistrictDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu DistrictDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu DistrictDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu DistrictDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu DistrictDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu DistrictAbstract Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has high mortality, and patients show variable outcomes and drug responses. Amine oxidase copper-containing 1 (AOC1) is considered an oncogene in many types of tumors. Transcription factor AP-2 alpha (TFAP2A) can affect a variety of biological processes and play a crucial role in driving tumorigenesis and tumor development. Consequently, this work is designed to delve into the effects of AOC1 and TFAP2A on NSCLC progression. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was employed to analyze AOC1 and TFAP2A expression in the TNMplot database and the survival significance of high- or low-expression of AOC1 in NSCLC patients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot were implemented to assay the mRNA and protein expression levels of genes. Cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were detected using 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU), wound healing, and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined using JC-1 and ROS detection kits. The macrophage M2 polarization was tested via flow cytometry. The construction of subcutaneous transplanted tumors in nude mice confirmed the effect of AOC1 in vivo. In order to discern the upstream regulatory mechanisms, the JASPAR database was utilized to predict the transcription factors and binding sites associated with AOC1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) and luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to solidify the binding relationship between AOC1 and TFAP2A. Results AOC1 and TFAP2A levels were increased in NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines (A-549 and NCI-H1299). AOC1 knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, M2 macrophage polarization, and mitochondrial membrane potential, and facilitated cell apoptosis and ROS. In vivo, sh-AOC1 suppressed NSCLC tumor growth. Furthermore, TFAP2A facilitated AOC1 expression via transcriptional regulation in NSCLC. Mechanically, TFAP2A promoted NSCLC progression via facilitating AOC1 expression. Conclusions Silencing TFAP2A inhibits NSCLC progression via regulating AOC1 transcription. Hence, AOC1/TFAP2A may be a feasible therapeutic target for NSCLC. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s41065-025-00524-2Non-small cell lung cancerAOC1TFAP2AMalignant progressionTranscriptional regulation
spellingShingle Xiang Miao
Hongzhen Zheng
Huimin Mo
Jing Chang
Qin Jia
Hai Zhou
TFAP2A promotes NSCLC malignant progression by enhancing AOC1 transcription
Hereditas
Non-small cell lung cancer
AOC1
TFAP2A
Malignant progression
Transcriptional regulation
title TFAP2A promotes NSCLC malignant progression by enhancing AOC1 transcription
title_full TFAP2A promotes NSCLC malignant progression by enhancing AOC1 transcription
title_fullStr TFAP2A promotes NSCLC malignant progression by enhancing AOC1 transcription
title_full_unstemmed TFAP2A promotes NSCLC malignant progression by enhancing AOC1 transcription
title_short TFAP2A promotes NSCLC malignant progression by enhancing AOC1 transcription
title_sort tfap2a promotes nsclc malignant progression by enhancing aoc1 transcription
topic Non-small cell lung cancer
AOC1
TFAP2A
Malignant progression
Transcriptional regulation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41065-025-00524-2
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