Prediction of fatigue life of semiconductor package under thermal cycling: Combined effect of package design and solder materials

Thermal fatigue tests of semiconductor packages were conducted varying solder materials such as SAC305 and SAC302 with Bi, Ni, and Pd (named hybrid solder ball, HSB) and number of chips inside the package at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 120°. The fatigue life and fatigue crack types of the sold...

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Main Authors: Heon-Su Kim, You-Gwon Kim, Dong-Min Jang, Jin-Woo Jang, Seung-Yeong Lee, Hak-Sung Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525004794
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author Heon-Su Kim
You-Gwon Kim
Dong-Min Jang
Jin-Woo Jang
Seung-Yeong Lee
Hak-Sung Kim
author_facet Heon-Su Kim
You-Gwon Kim
Dong-Min Jang
Jin-Woo Jang
Seung-Yeong Lee
Hak-Sung Kim
author_sort Heon-Su Kim
collection DOAJ
description Thermal fatigue tests of semiconductor packages were conducted varying solder materials such as SAC305 and SAC302 with Bi, Ni, and Pd (named hybrid solder ball, HSB) and number of chips inside the package at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 120°. The fatigue life and fatigue crack types of the solder joint or Cu trace in PCB were monitored by electrical resistance measuring with daisy chain. It was found that the fatigue life and fatigue crack type (solder joint crack or Cu trace crack) were influenced and changed significantly by package geometry and solder joint materials. To predict the crack type and fatigue life of the package, finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted. To analyze the thermal behavior of solder, the creep tests of SAC305 and HSB (SAC302 with Bi, Ni, and Pd) were conducted with respect to temperature and strain rate and their Anand constants were derived. The solder fatigue life was determined using the strain energy-based Morrow’s model, while the Cu trace fatigue life was determined using the strain-based Miner’s model. The predicted fatigue life and crack type from FE analysis agreed well with the experimental results.
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institution OA Journals
issn 0264-1275
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Materials & Design
spelling doaj-art-9231b7fb2f634ecb840ed126f9f3f1cd2025-08-20T02:35:43ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-06-0125411405910.1016/j.matdes.2025.114059Prediction of fatigue life of semiconductor package under thermal cycling: Combined effect of package design and solder materialsHeon-Su Kim0You-Gwon Kim1Dong-Min Jang2Jin-Woo Jang3Seung-Yeong Lee4Hak-Sung Kim5Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of KoreaSAMSUNG Electronics R&D division, Gyeonggi-do, 17113, South KoreaSAMSUNG Electronics R&D division, Gyeonggi-do, 17113, South KoreaSAMSUNG Electronics R&D division, Gyeonggi-do, 17113, South KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Research Center for Advanced Semiconductor Packaging, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791 South Korea; Corresponding author.Thermal fatigue tests of semiconductor packages were conducted varying solder materials such as SAC305 and SAC302 with Bi, Ni, and Pd (named hybrid solder ball, HSB) and number of chips inside the package at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 120°. The fatigue life and fatigue crack types of the solder joint or Cu trace in PCB were monitored by electrical resistance measuring with daisy chain. It was found that the fatigue life and fatigue crack type (solder joint crack or Cu trace crack) were influenced and changed significantly by package geometry and solder joint materials. To predict the crack type and fatigue life of the package, finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted. To analyze the thermal behavior of solder, the creep tests of SAC305 and HSB (SAC302 with Bi, Ni, and Pd) were conducted with respect to temperature and strain rate and their Anand constants were derived. The solder fatigue life was determined using the strain energy-based Morrow’s model, while the Cu trace fatigue life was determined using the strain-based Miner’s model. The predicted fatigue life and crack type from FE analysis agreed well with the experimental results.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525004794SolderCopperReliabilityCrack typeFatigue lifeThermal cycling
spellingShingle Heon-Su Kim
You-Gwon Kim
Dong-Min Jang
Jin-Woo Jang
Seung-Yeong Lee
Hak-Sung Kim
Prediction of fatigue life of semiconductor package under thermal cycling: Combined effect of package design and solder materials
Materials & Design
Solder
Copper
Reliability
Crack type
Fatigue life
Thermal cycling
title Prediction of fatigue life of semiconductor package under thermal cycling: Combined effect of package design and solder materials
title_full Prediction of fatigue life of semiconductor package under thermal cycling: Combined effect of package design and solder materials
title_fullStr Prediction of fatigue life of semiconductor package under thermal cycling: Combined effect of package design and solder materials
title_full_unstemmed Prediction of fatigue life of semiconductor package under thermal cycling: Combined effect of package design and solder materials
title_short Prediction of fatigue life of semiconductor package under thermal cycling: Combined effect of package design and solder materials
title_sort prediction of fatigue life of semiconductor package under thermal cycling combined effect of package design and solder materials
topic Solder
Copper
Reliability
Crack type
Fatigue life
Thermal cycling
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525004794
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