Optimizing Liquid Electron Ionization Interface to Boost LC-MS Instrumental Efficiency

Liquid Electron Ionization (LEI) is a powerful and robust interface for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of medium-low-molecular-weight compounds, including numerous environmental pollutants and toxicological substances. Although the robustness and performance of this interface have already...

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Main Authors: Tommaso Grazioso, Genny Grasselli, Adriana Arigò, Giorgio Famiglini, Achille Cappiello
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Separations
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/5/105
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author Tommaso Grazioso
Genny Grasselli
Adriana Arigò
Giorgio Famiglini
Achille Cappiello
author_facet Tommaso Grazioso
Genny Grasselli
Adriana Arigò
Giorgio Famiglini
Achille Cappiello
author_sort Tommaso Grazioso
collection DOAJ
description Liquid Electron Ionization (LEI) is a powerful and robust interface for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of medium-low-molecular-weight compounds, including numerous environmental pollutants and toxicological substances. Although the robustness and performance of this interface have already been demonstrated, research on its optimization can still improve instrumental performance in terms of detectability. In this study, different setups of the interface’s vaporization micro-channel (VMC) made using different capillaries and various sizes were tested to evaluate the correspondent instrumental performance. The results show that a new combination of capillaries in the interface set up significantly improves instrumental detectability, reaching LOD values almost five times lower than those of the previous setup.
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spelling doaj-art-9226f4f2a1a644da8f443149712e9aa72025-08-20T03:12:09ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392025-04-0112510510.3390/separations12050105Optimizing Liquid Electron Ionization Interface to Boost LC-MS Instrumental EfficiencyTommaso Grazioso0Genny Grasselli1Adriana Arigò2Giorgio Famiglini3Achille Cappiello4Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, ItalyDepartment of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, ItalyDepartment of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, ItalyDepartment of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, ItalyDepartment of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, ItalyLiquid Electron Ionization (LEI) is a powerful and robust interface for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of medium-low-molecular-weight compounds, including numerous environmental pollutants and toxicological substances. Although the robustness and performance of this interface have already been demonstrated, research on its optimization can still improve instrumental performance in terms of detectability. In this study, different setups of the interface’s vaporization micro-channel (VMC) made using different capillaries and various sizes were tested to evaluate the correspondent instrumental performance. The results show that a new combination of capillaries in the interface set up significantly improves instrumental detectability, reaching LOD values almost five times lower than those of the previous setup.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/5/105LC-EI-MSLEIliquid chromatographymass spectrometry
spellingShingle Tommaso Grazioso
Genny Grasselli
Adriana Arigò
Giorgio Famiglini
Achille Cappiello
Optimizing Liquid Electron Ionization Interface to Boost LC-MS Instrumental Efficiency
Separations
LC-EI-MS
LEI
liquid chromatography
mass spectrometry
title Optimizing Liquid Electron Ionization Interface to Boost LC-MS Instrumental Efficiency
title_full Optimizing Liquid Electron Ionization Interface to Boost LC-MS Instrumental Efficiency
title_fullStr Optimizing Liquid Electron Ionization Interface to Boost LC-MS Instrumental Efficiency
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing Liquid Electron Ionization Interface to Boost LC-MS Instrumental Efficiency
title_short Optimizing Liquid Electron Ionization Interface to Boost LC-MS Instrumental Efficiency
title_sort optimizing liquid electron ionization interface to boost lc ms instrumental efficiency
topic LC-EI-MS
LEI
liquid chromatography
mass spectrometry
url https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/5/105
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