Hepatokine and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
<b>Background and Aims:</b> Hepatokines have a regulatory function in adipose tissue inflammation, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), cardiovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis. Our aim was to evaluate the profile of proinflammatory cytokines and hepatoki...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Ana Delfina Cano-Contreras Maria del Rocio Francisco Jose Luis Vargas-Basurto Kevin David González-Gómez Hector Vivanco-Cid Karina Guadalupe Hernández-Flores Peter Grube-Pagola Federico Bernardo Roesch-Dietlen Jose Maria Remes-Troche |
| author_facet | Ana Delfina Cano-Contreras Maria del Rocio Francisco Jose Luis Vargas-Basurto Kevin David González-Gómez Hector Vivanco-Cid Karina Guadalupe Hernández-Flores Peter Grube-Pagola Federico Bernardo Roesch-Dietlen Jose Maria Remes-Troche |
| author_sort | Ana Delfina Cano-Contreras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background and Aims:</b> Hepatokines have a regulatory function in adipose tissue inflammation, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), cardiovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis. Our aim was to evaluate the profile of proinflammatory cytokines and hepatokines in patients with MASLD and carotid atherosclerosis (CA). <b>Methods:</b> A prospective and basic research study was conducted on patients with MASLD. Clinical data were collected from a detailed medical history. Liver stiffness was measured using transient elastography, and carotid Doppler ultrasound was performed. Levels of basic biochemical parameters, systemic inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18), and hepatokines (FGF21, ANGPTL4, fetuin-A) were determined. The results were analyzed with SPSS v22.0 software. <b>Results:</b> Sixty-seven patients with MASLD were included, 72.1% were women, and the mean patient age was 53.9 + 11.3 years. Atherosclerosis was found in 11 patients (16.2%), and carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) was altered in the right carotid of 13 patients (19.1%), in the left carotid of 19 (27.9%), and bilaterally in 7 (10.3%). Greater age (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and high blood pressure (<i>p</i> = 0.028) were correlated with atherosclerosis. There were no differences in systemic inflammation markers, and the hepatokines FGF21 and fetuin-A tended to increase in the presence of CIMT and CA alterations, regardless of fibrosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> In our population, patients with MASLD had a 16.6% prevalence of CA, and the risk increased with age and a history of high blood pressure. FGF21 tended to increase in patients with MASLD + atherosclerosis, and fetuin-A was correlated with CIMT alterations, suggesting that the combination of these markers could guide us to suspect early endothelial alterations in patients with MASLD. |
| format | Article |
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| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9212eefd4b6249208b06218e4216fade2025-08-20T02:24:43ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-04-0113497810.3390/biomedicines13040978Hepatokine and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver DiseaseAna Delfina Cano-Contreras0Maria del Rocio Francisco1Jose Luis Vargas-Basurto2Kevin David González-Gómez3Hector Vivanco-Cid4Karina Guadalupe Hernández-Flores5Peter Grube-Pagola6Federico Bernardo Roesch-Dietlen7Jose Maria Remes-Troche8Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana. C. Agustín de Iturbide, Col. Ricardo Flores Magón, Veracruz 91700, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana. C. Agustín de Iturbide, Col. Ricardo Flores Magón, Veracruz 91700, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana. C. Agustín de Iturbide, Col. Ricardo Flores Magón, Veracruz 91700, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana. C. Agustín de Iturbide, Col. Ricardo Flores Magón, Veracruz 91700, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana. C. Agustín de Iturbide, Col. Ricardo Flores Magón, Veracruz 91700, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana. C. Agustín de Iturbide, Col. Ricardo Flores Magón, Veracruz 91700, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana. C. Agustín de Iturbide, Col. Ricardo Flores Magón, Veracruz 91700, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana. C. Agustín de Iturbide, Col. Ricardo Flores Magón, Veracruz 91700, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana. C. Agustín de Iturbide, Col. Ricardo Flores Magón, Veracruz 91700, Mexico<b>Background and Aims:</b> Hepatokines have a regulatory function in adipose tissue inflammation, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), cardiovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis. Our aim was to evaluate the profile of proinflammatory cytokines and hepatokines in patients with MASLD and carotid atherosclerosis (CA). <b>Methods:</b> A prospective and basic research study was conducted on patients with MASLD. Clinical data were collected from a detailed medical history. Liver stiffness was measured using transient elastography, and carotid Doppler ultrasound was performed. Levels of basic biochemical parameters, systemic inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18), and hepatokines (FGF21, ANGPTL4, fetuin-A) were determined. The results were analyzed with SPSS v22.0 software. <b>Results:</b> Sixty-seven patients with MASLD were included, 72.1% were women, and the mean patient age was 53.9 + 11.3 years. Atherosclerosis was found in 11 patients (16.2%), and carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) was altered in the right carotid of 13 patients (19.1%), in the left carotid of 19 (27.9%), and bilaterally in 7 (10.3%). Greater age (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and high blood pressure (<i>p</i> = 0.028) were correlated with atherosclerosis. There were no differences in systemic inflammation markers, and the hepatokines FGF21 and fetuin-A tended to increase in the presence of CIMT and CA alterations, regardless of fibrosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> In our population, patients with MASLD had a 16.6% prevalence of CA, and the risk increased with age and a history of high blood pressure. FGF21 tended to increase in patients with MASLD + atherosclerosis, and fetuin-A was correlated with CIMT alterations, suggesting that the combination of these markers could guide us to suspect early endothelial alterations in patients with MASLD.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/978fatty liveratherosclerosishepatokinesinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Ana Delfina Cano-Contreras Maria del Rocio Francisco Jose Luis Vargas-Basurto Kevin David González-Gómez Hector Vivanco-Cid Karina Guadalupe Hernández-Flores Peter Grube-Pagola Federico Bernardo Roesch-Dietlen Jose Maria Remes-Troche Hepatokine and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Biomedicines fatty liver atherosclerosis hepatokines inflammation |
| title | Hepatokine and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| title_full | Hepatokine and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| title_fullStr | Hepatokine and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hepatokine and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| title_short | Hepatokine and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| title_sort | hepatokine and proinflammatory cytokine profile in patients with carotid atherosclerosis and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease |
| topic | fatty liver atherosclerosis hepatokines inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/978 |
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