Sero-epidemiology of measles immunoglobulin G antibodies among newborns from South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa: an observational, multicenter study

Sero-epidemiology of measles immunoglobulin G antibodies among newborns from South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa: an observational, multicenter study

Objectives: To investigate the transplacental acquisition of measles immunoglobulin (Ig)G in newborns at delivery in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, and South Africa. Methods: Archived cord serum, from a multicenter study on Group B Streptococcus, were tested f...

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Main Authors: Carine Bokop, Nisha Dhar, Alane Izu, Musa Mohammed Ali, Godwin Akaba, Hellen C. Barsosio, James A Berkley, Manisha Madhai Beck, Tolossa E Chaka, Clare L. Cutland, Phurb Dorji, Adama Mamby Keita, Feleke Belachew Lema, Nubwa Medugu, Salim Mwarumba, Stella Mwakio, Stephen Obaro, Eyinade K Olateju, Rani Diana Sahni, Samir K Saha, Sridhar Santhanam, Ragunath Sharma, Betuel Sigaúque, Eric A.F. Simoes, Samba O Sow, Milagritos D Tapia, Balaji Veeraraghavan, Shabir A Madhi, Gaurav Kwatra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Subjects:
Sero-prevalence
Measles
Passive immunity
Antibody decay
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971225001055
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Summary:Objectives: To investigate the transplacental acquisition of measles immunoglobulin (Ig)G in newborns at delivery in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, and South Africa. Methods: Archived cord serum, from a multicenter study on Group B Streptococcus, were tested for measles IgG using a commercial enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We tested 323 randomly selected samples from each of the sites. Models using various measles antibody decay rates in infancy were explored. Results: Overall, 2,907 cord serum samples were analyzed. At birth, 49.9% of newborns were measles IgG seronegative. Measles seronegativity ranged from 21.7% in Nigeria to 73.4% in Bhutan. The adjusted odds of seronegativity in infants of mothers born after measles vaccination implementation was 1.78 times that for infants born to unvaccinated mothers (adjusted odds ratio 1.78; 95% confidence interval 1.43-2.21; P <0.001). Modeling measles-IgG kinetics predicted that 70.8%, 88.3%, and 100% of infants would be seronegative by 2, 4, and 6 months, respectively, without further exposure. Conclusions: Our findings suggest low transplacental acquisition of measles IgG in newborns, which is likely to yield susceptibility to measles infection at a very young age. The currently recommended measles vaccine schedules in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with the first dose recommended from 9 months of age and onward, warrant reconsideration, including the need for earlier dosing schedules.
ISSN:1201-9712

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