Revisiting the Fundamental Planes of Black Hole Activity for Strong Jet Sources
Whether the X-ray emissions of strong jet sources originate from disk+coronas or jets is still controversial. In this work, we constructed a strong jet sample containing 50 flat-spectrum radio quasars, 51 low-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac objects, and 18 intermediate-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac objects to...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adaaee |
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| author | Qing-Chen Long Ai-Jun Dong Qi-Jun Zhi Lun-Hua Shang |
| author_facet | Qing-Chen Long Ai-Jun Dong Qi-Jun Zhi Lun-Hua Shang |
| author_sort | Qing-Chen Long |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Whether the X-ray emissions of strong jet sources originate from disk+coronas or jets is still controversial. In this work, we constructed a strong jet sample containing 50 flat-spectrum radio quasars, 51 low-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac objects, and 18 intermediate-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac objects to explore the origin of X-ray emissions. Generally, blazars are the typical radio-loud active galactic nucleus with a powerful jet toward the observer, causing their broadband emissions to be boosted. By considering the Doppler boosting effect, we obtain the intrinsic radio–X-ray correlation and the fundamental plane (FP) of black hole activity for the strong jet sources: the intrinsic radio–X-ray correlation is ${L}_{{\rm{R,int}}}\propto {L}_{{\rm{X,int}}}^{1.04}$ , which favor the jet-dominated mode; the intrinsic FP is ${\rm{log}}\,{L}_{{\rm{R}},{\rm{int}}}=(1.07\pm 0.06)\,{\rm{log}}\,{L}_{{\rm{X}},{\rm{int}}}$ $-(0.22\pm 0.10)\,{\rm{log}}\,{M}_{{\rm{BH}}}-(3.77\pm 2.11)$ , which can be interpreted by the hybrid mode of jet+standard disk. Our results suggest that the X-ray emissions of strong jet sources are dominated by the jets, but there may also be a small contribution from the disk. In addition, the radio–X-ray correlation and FP of strong jet sources do not have a significant dependence on the Eddington-ratio. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9204c04247b2477eabdb0888561e0fcc2025-08-20T03:17:39ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01980218710.3847/1538-4357/adaaeeRevisiting the Fundamental Planes of Black Hole Activity for Strong Jet SourcesQing-Chen Long0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4213-7662Ai-Jun Dong1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-0771Qi-Jun Zhi2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9389-5197Lun-Hua Shang3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-4573School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001, People’s Republic of China ; aijdong@gznu.edu.cn; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing, Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001, People’s Republic of China ; aijdong@gznu.edu.cn; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing, Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001, People’s Republic of China ; aijdong@gznu.edu.cn; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing, Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001, People’s Republic of China ; aijdong@gznu.edu.cn; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing, Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001, People’s Republic of ChinaWhether the X-ray emissions of strong jet sources originate from disk+coronas or jets is still controversial. In this work, we constructed a strong jet sample containing 50 flat-spectrum radio quasars, 51 low-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac objects, and 18 intermediate-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac objects to explore the origin of X-ray emissions. Generally, blazars are the typical radio-loud active galactic nucleus with a powerful jet toward the observer, causing their broadband emissions to be boosted. By considering the Doppler boosting effect, we obtain the intrinsic radio–X-ray correlation and the fundamental plane (FP) of black hole activity for the strong jet sources: the intrinsic radio–X-ray correlation is ${L}_{{\rm{R,int}}}\propto {L}_{{\rm{X,int}}}^{1.04}$ , which favor the jet-dominated mode; the intrinsic FP is ${\rm{log}}\,{L}_{{\rm{R}},{\rm{int}}}=(1.07\pm 0.06)\,{\rm{log}}\,{L}_{{\rm{X}},{\rm{int}}}$ $-(0.22\pm 0.10)\,{\rm{log}}\,{M}_{{\rm{BH}}}-(3.77\pm 2.11)$ , which can be interpreted by the hybrid mode of jet+standard disk. Our results suggest that the X-ray emissions of strong jet sources are dominated by the jets, but there may also be a small contribution from the disk. In addition, the radio–X-ray correlation and FP of strong jet sources do not have a significant dependence on the Eddington-ratio.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adaaeeAccretionGalaxy accretion disksBlack hole physicsActive galactic nucleiRadio jetsX-ray astronomy |
| spellingShingle | Qing-Chen Long Ai-Jun Dong Qi-Jun Zhi Lun-Hua Shang Revisiting the Fundamental Planes of Black Hole Activity for Strong Jet Sources The Astrophysical Journal Accretion Galaxy accretion disks Black hole physics Active galactic nuclei Radio jets X-ray astronomy |
| title | Revisiting the Fundamental Planes of Black Hole Activity for Strong Jet Sources |
| title_full | Revisiting the Fundamental Planes of Black Hole Activity for Strong Jet Sources |
| title_fullStr | Revisiting the Fundamental Planes of Black Hole Activity for Strong Jet Sources |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revisiting the Fundamental Planes of Black Hole Activity for Strong Jet Sources |
| title_short | Revisiting the Fundamental Planes of Black Hole Activity for Strong Jet Sources |
| title_sort | revisiting the fundamental planes of black hole activity for strong jet sources |
| topic | Accretion Galaxy accretion disks Black hole physics Active galactic nuclei Radio jets X-ray astronomy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adaaee |
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