Impact of drought stress on biochemical and molecular responses in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.): effects on essential oil composition and antibacterial activity

Drought stress significantly influences the physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in plants, directly impacting their growth and defense mechanisms. This study evaluates the response of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) to different levels of water deficit, with field capacity (FC) tre...

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Main Authors: Ramin Hosseini, Mahsa Heidari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1506660/full
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author Ramin Hosseini
Ramin Hosseini
Mahsa Heidari
author_facet Ramin Hosseini
Ramin Hosseini
Mahsa Heidari
author_sort Ramin Hosseini
collection DOAJ
description Drought stress significantly influences the physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in plants, directly impacting their growth and defense mechanisms. This study evaluates the response of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) to different levels of water deficit, with field capacity (FC) treatments set at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. We assessed various biochemical parameters, including protein content, chlorophyll a and b levels, flavonoid and phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, to determine how drought stress affects lavender’s primary and secondary metabolism. As water availability decreased, we observed a reduction in total protein and chlorophyll content, while the highest levels of flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant activity were recorded in control plants at 80% FC. Gene expression analysis of key terpene synthase genes revealed differential expression patterns, with linalool synthase and α-pinene synthase peaking at 40% FC, and 1,8-cineole synthase and β-phellandrene synthase reaching their highest activity under severe drought (20% FC). Despite this, a clear correlation between gene expression and metabolite accumulation in essential oils was not observed. Drought-induced changes in essential oil composition were associated with enhanced antibacterial activity, particularly against foodborne Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, suggesting that water stress can modulate the therapeutic potential of lavender oil.
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spelling doaj-art-91f791ed2a5743f2b34ea616c39988fc2025-08-20T03:06:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-04-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15066601506660Impact of drought stress on biochemical and molecular responses in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.): effects on essential oil composition and antibacterial activityRamin Hosseini0Ramin Hosseini1Mahsa Heidari2Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IranForestry and Forest Tree Breeding Department, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyBiotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IranDrought stress significantly influences the physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in plants, directly impacting their growth and defense mechanisms. This study evaluates the response of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) to different levels of water deficit, with field capacity (FC) treatments set at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. We assessed various biochemical parameters, including protein content, chlorophyll a and b levels, flavonoid and phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, to determine how drought stress affects lavender’s primary and secondary metabolism. As water availability decreased, we observed a reduction in total protein and chlorophyll content, while the highest levels of flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant activity were recorded in control plants at 80% FC. Gene expression analysis of key terpene synthase genes revealed differential expression patterns, with linalool synthase and α-pinene synthase peaking at 40% FC, and 1,8-cineole synthase and β-phellandrene synthase reaching their highest activity under severe drought (20% FC). Despite this, a clear correlation between gene expression and metabolite accumulation in essential oils was not observed. Drought-induced changes in essential oil composition were associated with enhanced antibacterial activity, particularly against foodborne Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, suggesting that water stress can modulate the therapeutic potential of lavender oil.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1506660/fullantioxidantdrought stressessential oilgene expressionlavender
spellingShingle Ramin Hosseini
Ramin Hosseini
Mahsa Heidari
Impact of drought stress on biochemical and molecular responses in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.): effects on essential oil composition and antibacterial activity
Frontiers in Plant Science
antioxidant
drought stress
essential oil
gene expression
lavender
title Impact of drought stress on biochemical and molecular responses in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.): effects on essential oil composition and antibacterial activity
title_full Impact of drought stress on biochemical and molecular responses in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.): effects on essential oil composition and antibacterial activity
title_fullStr Impact of drought stress on biochemical and molecular responses in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.): effects on essential oil composition and antibacterial activity
title_full_unstemmed Impact of drought stress on biochemical and molecular responses in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.): effects on essential oil composition and antibacterial activity
title_short Impact of drought stress on biochemical and molecular responses in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.): effects on essential oil composition and antibacterial activity
title_sort impact of drought stress on biochemical and molecular responses in lavender lavandula angustifolia mill effects on essential oil composition and antibacterial activity
topic antioxidant
drought stress
essential oil
gene expression
lavender
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1506660/full
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AT raminhosseini impactofdroughtstressonbiochemicalandmolecularresponsesinlavenderlavandulaangustifoliamilleffectsonessentialoilcompositionandantibacterialactivity
AT mahsaheidari impactofdroughtstressonbiochemicalandmolecularresponsesinlavenderlavandulaangustifoliamilleffectsonessentialoilcompositionandantibacterialactivity