Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions

After eight generations of laboratory selection with β-cypermethrin, a <i>P. okadai</i> strain was cultivated that displayed a 10.04-fold increase in resistance (RS) relative to the susceptible strain (SS), with an estimation of heritability (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup>)...

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Main Authors: Juan Zhou, Fang Wu, Yang Luo, Zhenfu Chen, Donghua Long, Hui Liu, Bo Luo, Rong Yan, Lingjun Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Insects
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/346
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author Juan Zhou
Fang Wu
Yang Luo
Zhenfu Chen
Donghua Long
Hui Liu
Bo Luo
Rong Yan
Lingjun Wang
author_facet Juan Zhou
Fang Wu
Yang Luo
Zhenfu Chen
Donghua Long
Hui Liu
Bo Luo
Rong Yan
Lingjun Wang
author_sort Juan Zhou
collection DOAJ
description After eight generations of laboratory selection with β-cypermethrin, a <i>P. okadai</i> strain was cultivated that displayed a 10.04-fold increase in resistance (RS) relative to the susceptible strain (SS), with an estimation of heritability (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.34. Compared with the SS, the developmental duration of the eggs was significantly prolonged (<i>p</i> < 0.05); however, the pupal stage duration was shorter, with no statistically significant difference. Moreover, the levels of GSTs, CarEs, and CYP450 activity were notably higher in the RS than in the SS. In addition, the level of CarE and CYP450 activity in the RS was significantly higher in the midgut (MG), fat body (FB), and Malpighian tubules (MTs) compared to the SS; however, the GSTs showed no statistically significant difference in the MTs. These results suggest that <i>P. okadai</i>‘s resistance to β-cypermethrin could be selected rapidly and the decreases in the intrinsic rate of increase (r) observed in the RS are likely due to mutations in the detoxification enzyme genes under the strong selection pressure exerted by β-cypermethrin. The increased activity of GSTs, CarEs, and CYP450 was associated with β-cypermethrin resistance in the RS of <i>P. okadai.</i> The data reported herein provide a foundation for future studies on the mechanisms responsible for β-cypermethrin resistance in <i>P. okadai.</i>
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spelling doaj-art-91ea8d252804489ebfd1b1438b3d50922025-08-20T02:28:36ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-03-0116434610.3390/insects16040346Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory ConditionsJuan Zhou0Fang Wu1Yang Luo2Zhenfu Chen3Donghua Long4Hui Liu5Bo Luo6Rong Yan7Lingjun Wang8Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Pathological Biology and Immunology, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaAfter eight generations of laboratory selection with β-cypermethrin, a <i>P. okadai</i> strain was cultivated that displayed a 10.04-fold increase in resistance (RS) relative to the susceptible strain (SS), with an estimation of heritability (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.34. Compared with the SS, the developmental duration of the eggs was significantly prolonged (<i>p</i> < 0.05); however, the pupal stage duration was shorter, with no statistically significant difference. Moreover, the levels of GSTs, CarEs, and CYP450 activity were notably higher in the RS than in the SS. In addition, the level of CarE and CYP450 activity in the RS was significantly higher in the midgut (MG), fat body (FB), and Malpighian tubules (MTs) compared to the SS; however, the GSTs showed no statistically significant difference in the MTs. These results suggest that <i>P. okadai</i>‘s resistance to β-cypermethrin could be selected rapidly and the decreases in the intrinsic rate of increase (r) observed in the RS are likely due to mutations in the detoxification enzyme genes under the strong selection pressure exerted by β-cypermethrin. The increased activity of GSTs, CarEs, and CYP450 was associated with β-cypermethrin resistance in the RS of <i>P. okadai.</i> The data reported herein provide a foundation for future studies on the mechanisms responsible for β-cypermethrin resistance in <i>P. okadai.</i>https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/346<i>Phortica okadai</i>β-cypermethrinresistance selectiondetoxification enzyme
spellingShingle Juan Zhou
Fang Wu
Yang Luo
Zhenfu Chen
Donghua Long
Hui Liu
Bo Luo
Rong Yan
Lingjun Wang
Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions
Insects
<i>Phortica okadai</i>
β-cypermethrin
resistance selection
detoxification enzyme
title Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions
title_full Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions
title_fullStr Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions
title_short Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions
title_sort patterns of detoxification enzyme activities during the selection of i phortica okadai i resistant to β cypermethrin under laboratory conditions
topic <i>Phortica okadai</i>
β-cypermethrin
resistance selection
detoxification enzyme
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/346
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