Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions
After eight generations of laboratory selection with β-cypermethrin, a <i>P. okadai</i> strain was cultivated that displayed a 10.04-fold increase in resistance (RS) relative to the susceptible strain (SS), with an estimation of heritability (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup>)...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Juan Zhou Fang Wu Yang Luo Zhenfu Chen Donghua Long Hui Liu Bo Luo Rong Yan Lingjun Wang |
| author_facet | Juan Zhou Fang Wu Yang Luo Zhenfu Chen Donghua Long Hui Liu Bo Luo Rong Yan Lingjun Wang |
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| description | After eight generations of laboratory selection with β-cypermethrin, a <i>P. okadai</i> strain was cultivated that displayed a 10.04-fold increase in resistance (RS) relative to the susceptible strain (SS), with an estimation of heritability (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.34. Compared with the SS, the developmental duration of the eggs was significantly prolonged (<i>p</i> < 0.05); however, the pupal stage duration was shorter, with no statistically significant difference. Moreover, the levels of GSTs, CarEs, and CYP450 activity were notably higher in the RS than in the SS. In addition, the level of CarE and CYP450 activity in the RS was significantly higher in the midgut (MG), fat body (FB), and Malpighian tubules (MTs) compared to the SS; however, the GSTs showed no statistically significant difference in the MTs. These results suggest that <i>P. okadai</i>‘s resistance to β-cypermethrin could be selected rapidly and the decreases in the intrinsic rate of increase (r) observed in the RS are likely due to mutations in the detoxification enzyme genes under the strong selection pressure exerted by β-cypermethrin. The increased activity of GSTs, CarEs, and CYP450 was associated with β-cypermethrin resistance in the RS of <i>P. okadai.</i> The data reported herein provide a foundation for future studies on the mechanisms responsible for β-cypermethrin resistance in <i>P. okadai.</i> |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-91ea8d252804489ebfd1b1438b3d50922025-08-20T02:28:36ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-03-0116434610.3390/insects16040346Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory ConditionsJuan Zhou0Fang Wu1Yang Luo2Zhenfu Chen3Donghua Long4Hui Liu5Bo Luo6Rong Yan7Lingjun Wang8Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Pathological Biology and Immunology, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaDepartment of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, ChinaAfter eight generations of laboratory selection with β-cypermethrin, a <i>P. okadai</i> strain was cultivated that displayed a 10.04-fold increase in resistance (RS) relative to the susceptible strain (SS), with an estimation of heritability (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.34. Compared with the SS, the developmental duration of the eggs was significantly prolonged (<i>p</i> < 0.05); however, the pupal stage duration was shorter, with no statistically significant difference. Moreover, the levels of GSTs, CarEs, and CYP450 activity were notably higher in the RS than in the SS. In addition, the level of CarE and CYP450 activity in the RS was significantly higher in the midgut (MG), fat body (FB), and Malpighian tubules (MTs) compared to the SS; however, the GSTs showed no statistically significant difference in the MTs. These results suggest that <i>P. okadai</i>‘s resistance to β-cypermethrin could be selected rapidly and the decreases in the intrinsic rate of increase (r) observed in the RS are likely due to mutations in the detoxification enzyme genes under the strong selection pressure exerted by β-cypermethrin. The increased activity of GSTs, CarEs, and CYP450 was associated with β-cypermethrin resistance in the RS of <i>P. okadai.</i> The data reported herein provide a foundation for future studies on the mechanisms responsible for β-cypermethrin resistance in <i>P. okadai.</i>https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/346<i>Phortica okadai</i>β-cypermethrinresistance selectiondetoxification enzyme |
| spellingShingle | Juan Zhou Fang Wu Yang Luo Zhenfu Chen Donghua Long Hui Liu Bo Luo Rong Yan Lingjun Wang Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions Insects <i>Phortica okadai</i> β-cypermethrin resistance selection detoxification enzyme |
| title | Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions |
| title_full | Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions |
| title_short | Patterns of Detoxification Enzyme Activities During the Selection of <i>Phortica okadai</i> Resistant to β-Cypermethrin Under Laboratory Conditions |
| title_sort | patterns of detoxification enzyme activities during the selection of i phortica okadai i resistant to β cypermethrin under laboratory conditions |
| topic | <i>Phortica okadai</i> β-cypermethrin resistance selection detoxification enzyme |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/346 |
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