Electrocardiogram May Fail to Identify Proportion of High-Risk Individuals: Analysis of Series of 50 Sudden Death Cases

Background: An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential and easily available diagnostic test in the management of cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. Different strategies based on ECG have been recommended for general population and athlete screening. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to ex...

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Main Authors: Mariela Salar-Alcaraz, Pablo Peñafiel-Verdú, Francisco J. Castro-García, Francisco A. Pastor-Quirante, Carmen Muñoz-Esparza, José M. López-Ayala, Juan Martínez-Sánchez, Juan J. Sánchez-Muñoz, Arcadi García-Alberola, María Sabater-Molina, Juan R. Gimeno-Blanes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Cardiogenetics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8148/15/1/5
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author Mariela Salar-Alcaraz
Pablo Peñafiel-Verdú
Francisco J. Castro-García
Francisco A. Pastor-Quirante
Carmen Muñoz-Esparza
José M. López-Ayala
Juan Martínez-Sánchez
Juan J. Sánchez-Muñoz
Arcadi García-Alberola
María Sabater-Molina
Juan R. Gimeno-Blanes
author_facet Mariela Salar-Alcaraz
Pablo Peñafiel-Verdú
Francisco J. Castro-García
Francisco A. Pastor-Quirante
Carmen Muñoz-Esparza
José M. López-Ayala
Juan Martínez-Sánchez
Juan J. Sánchez-Muñoz
Arcadi García-Alberola
María Sabater-Molina
Juan R. Gimeno-Blanes
author_sort Mariela Salar-Alcaraz
collection DOAJ
description Background: An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential and easily available diagnostic test in the management of cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. Different strategies based on ECG have been recommended for general population and athlete screening. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the value of the ECG for the diagnosis of sudden cardiac death (SCD) cases. Methods: ECGs from 50 (aged 37.6 ± 19.9 years, 37 men) resuscitated cardiac arrest (26, 52%) and SCD cases (24, 48%) were analyzed. Relevant medical history and results from clinical tests were reviewed. ECG findings were compared with the final diagnosis. Results: Final ECG classification was as follows: 9 (18%) normal, 15 (30%) unspecific, 14 (28%) suggestive, and 12 (24%) diagnostic. Amongst 13 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients, ECGs were diagnostic in 6 (46%) and suggestive in 1 (8%). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in seven patients, two (28%) with suggestive ECG. Dilated cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in four patients, two (50%) with suggestive ECG. Six patients had Brugada syndrome: four (66%) had diagnostic ECGs, and two (33%) had suggestive ECG. Long QT syndrome was diagnosed in four cases; only one (25%) had a diagnostic ECG. Three patients had other cardiomyopathies. After the complete study, 13 (26%) patients remained with a non-conclusive diagnosis; their ECGs were unspecific or normal. Conclusion: ECG can be unspecific or normal in an important percentage of SCD cases (48%). Furthermore, a significant proportion of SCD cases after a comprehensive study remain without a definite diagnosis (26%). These findings should be considered when planning SCD preventive strategies.
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2035-8148
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
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series Cardiogenetics
spelling doaj-art-91e2f2aaad994f63bf9ef6a1019f459c2025-08-20T03:43:11ZengMDPI AGCardiogenetics2035-82532035-81482025-02-01151510.3390/cardiogenetics15010005Electrocardiogram May Fail to Identify Proportion of High-Risk Individuals: Analysis of Series of 50 Sudden Death CasesMariela Salar-Alcaraz0Pablo Peñafiel-Verdú1Francisco J. Castro-García2Francisco A. Pastor-Quirante3Carmen Muñoz-Esparza4José M. López-Ayala5Juan Martínez-Sánchez6Juan J. Sánchez-Muñoz7Arcadi García-Alberola8María Sabater-Molina9Juan R. Gimeno-Blanes10Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 30003 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Legal Medicine, University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, SpainBackground: An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential and easily available diagnostic test in the management of cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. Different strategies based on ECG have been recommended for general population and athlete screening. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the value of the ECG for the diagnosis of sudden cardiac death (SCD) cases. Methods: ECGs from 50 (aged 37.6 ± 19.9 years, 37 men) resuscitated cardiac arrest (26, 52%) and SCD cases (24, 48%) were analyzed. Relevant medical history and results from clinical tests were reviewed. ECG findings were compared with the final diagnosis. Results: Final ECG classification was as follows: 9 (18%) normal, 15 (30%) unspecific, 14 (28%) suggestive, and 12 (24%) diagnostic. Amongst 13 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients, ECGs were diagnostic in 6 (46%) and suggestive in 1 (8%). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in seven patients, two (28%) with suggestive ECG. Dilated cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in four patients, two (50%) with suggestive ECG. Six patients had Brugada syndrome: four (66%) had diagnostic ECGs, and two (33%) had suggestive ECG. Long QT syndrome was diagnosed in four cases; only one (25%) had a diagnostic ECG. Three patients had other cardiomyopathies. After the complete study, 13 (26%) patients remained with a non-conclusive diagnosis; their ECGs were unspecific or normal. Conclusion: ECG can be unspecific or normal in an important percentage of SCD cases (48%). Furthermore, a significant proportion of SCD cases after a comprehensive study remain without a definite diagnosis (26%). These findings should be considered when planning SCD preventive strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8148/15/1/5sudden cardiac deathelectrocardiograminherited cardiomyopathychannelopathy
spellingShingle Mariela Salar-Alcaraz
Pablo Peñafiel-Verdú
Francisco J. Castro-García
Francisco A. Pastor-Quirante
Carmen Muñoz-Esparza
José M. López-Ayala
Juan Martínez-Sánchez
Juan J. Sánchez-Muñoz
Arcadi García-Alberola
María Sabater-Molina
Juan R. Gimeno-Blanes
Electrocardiogram May Fail to Identify Proportion of High-Risk Individuals: Analysis of Series of 50 Sudden Death Cases
Cardiogenetics
sudden cardiac death
electrocardiogram
inherited cardiomyopathy
channelopathy
title Electrocardiogram May Fail to Identify Proportion of High-Risk Individuals: Analysis of Series of 50 Sudden Death Cases
title_full Electrocardiogram May Fail to Identify Proportion of High-Risk Individuals: Analysis of Series of 50 Sudden Death Cases
title_fullStr Electrocardiogram May Fail to Identify Proportion of High-Risk Individuals: Analysis of Series of 50 Sudden Death Cases
title_full_unstemmed Electrocardiogram May Fail to Identify Proportion of High-Risk Individuals: Analysis of Series of 50 Sudden Death Cases
title_short Electrocardiogram May Fail to Identify Proportion of High-Risk Individuals: Analysis of Series of 50 Sudden Death Cases
title_sort electrocardiogram may fail to identify proportion of high risk individuals analysis of series of 50 sudden death cases
topic sudden cardiac death
electrocardiogram
inherited cardiomyopathy
channelopathy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8148/15/1/5
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