Targeting rheumatoid arthritis: a molecular perspective on biologic therapies and clinical progress
Abstract To surpass challenges with traditional approaches to treat Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an improved understanding of molecular-level pathogenesis brought forth targeted therapy with biologics as a great promise in halting the progression of RA. Novel biologics are being designed with the help...
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Biological Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-025-00534-8 |
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| author | Ankit Jain Mamta Bishnoi Shiv Kumar Prajapati Sweta Acharya Sumedha Kapre Gautam Singhvi Srinath Palakurthi |
| author_facet | Ankit Jain Mamta Bishnoi Shiv Kumar Prajapati Sweta Acharya Sumedha Kapre Gautam Singhvi Srinath Palakurthi |
| author_sort | Ankit Jain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract To surpass challenges with traditional approaches to treat Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an improved understanding of molecular-level pathogenesis brought forth targeted therapy with biologics as a great promise in halting the progression of RA. Novel biologics are being designed with the help of synthetic fusion proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and protein fragments, with or without drugs, to target various signaling pathways, including TNF-α, IL-6, JAK, Th-17, IL-family, GM-CSF, B-cell, and T-cell signaling. The journey of biologics in RA management began in 1998 with etanercept (Enbrel®). Since then, regulatory bodies have endorsed various biologics and many more are in different clinical stages. This review aims to explore RA by examining current clinical studies with focus on emerging development on molecular-level pathogenesis, prevalent conventional treatment options and their limitations, as well as recent advancements in biologically engineered therapeutics. It also includes a few relevant case studies to support these findings. Despite the progress, challenges remain, such as high costs and the need for safer, more effective delivery methods. The document also touches on the historical perspective of RA, its pathophysiology, and the role of synovial fluid pharmacokinetics in treatment effectiveness. The importance of early diagnosis and well-controlled treatment strategies for RA is paramount. The potential of emerging biological and targeted treatments to facilitate a treat-to-target approach in RA management is substantial. This review explores the key molecular pathways of rheumatoid arthritis and includes detailed figures for better understanding. It also highlights the promising potential of biologically engineered therapeutics, supported by evidence from case studies and clinical trials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-91e141c0891b4e4fb96a0365a9e54393 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1754-1611 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Biological Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-91e141c0891b4e4fb96a0365a9e543932025-08-20T03:45:56ZengBMCJournal of Biological Engineering1754-16112025-07-0119113110.1186/s13036-025-00534-8Targeting rheumatoid arthritis: a molecular perspective on biologic therapies and clinical progressAnkit Jain0Mamta Bishnoi1Shiv Kumar Prajapati2Sweta Acharya3Sumedha Kapre4Gautam Singhvi5Srinath Palakurthi6Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and ScienceSchool of Pharmacy, Lingaya’s VidyapeethInstitute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA UniversityIndustrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and ScienceDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M UniversityIndustrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and ScienceDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M UniversityAbstract To surpass challenges with traditional approaches to treat Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an improved understanding of molecular-level pathogenesis brought forth targeted therapy with biologics as a great promise in halting the progression of RA. Novel biologics are being designed with the help of synthetic fusion proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and protein fragments, with or without drugs, to target various signaling pathways, including TNF-α, IL-6, JAK, Th-17, IL-family, GM-CSF, B-cell, and T-cell signaling. The journey of biologics in RA management began in 1998 with etanercept (Enbrel®). Since then, regulatory bodies have endorsed various biologics and many more are in different clinical stages. This review aims to explore RA by examining current clinical studies with focus on emerging development on molecular-level pathogenesis, prevalent conventional treatment options and their limitations, as well as recent advancements in biologically engineered therapeutics. It also includes a few relevant case studies to support these findings. Despite the progress, challenges remain, such as high costs and the need for safer, more effective delivery methods. The document also touches on the historical perspective of RA, its pathophysiology, and the role of synovial fluid pharmacokinetics in treatment effectiveness. The importance of early diagnosis and well-controlled treatment strategies for RA is paramount. The potential of emerging biological and targeted treatments to facilitate a treat-to-target approach in RA management is substantial. This review explores the key molecular pathways of rheumatoid arthritis and includes detailed figures for better understanding. It also highlights the promising potential of biologically engineered therapeutics, supported by evidence from case studies and clinical trials.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-025-00534-8Rheumatoid arthritisPathophysiologyBiological targetingMonoclonal antibodyBiological DMARDsImmuno-pharmaceuticals |
| spellingShingle | Ankit Jain Mamta Bishnoi Shiv Kumar Prajapati Sweta Acharya Sumedha Kapre Gautam Singhvi Srinath Palakurthi Targeting rheumatoid arthritis: a molecular perspective on biologic therapies and clinical progress Journal of Biological Engineering Rheumatoid arthritis Pathophysiology Biological targeting Monoclonal antibody Biological DMARDs Immuno-pharmaceuticals |
| title | Targeting rheumatoid arthritis: a molecular perspective on biologic therapies and clinical progress |
| title_full | Targeting rheumatoid arthritis: a molecular perspective on biologic therapies and clinical progress |
| title_fullStr | Targeting rheumatoid arthritis: a molecular perspective on biologic therapies and clinical progress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeting rheumatoid arthritis: a molecular perspective on biologic therapies and clinical progress |
| title_short | Targeting rheumatoid arthritis: a molecular perspective on biologic therapies and clinical progress |
| title_sort | targeting rheumatoid arthritis a molecular perspective on biologic therapies and clinical progress |
| topic | Rheumatoid arthritis Pathophysiology Biological targeting Monoclonal antibody Biological DMARDs Immuno-pharmaceuticals |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-025-00534-8 |
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