Optimizing sustainable blended concrete mixes using deep learning and multi-objective optimization

Abstract The proposed framework unites deep neural networks (DNNs) together with multi-objective optimization for designing environmentally friendly concrete mixes. A DNN model receives training through a wide dataset which includes multiple mix parameters along with curing conditions for accurate c...

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Main Authors: Rupesh Kumar Tipu, Preeti Rathi, Kartik S. Pandya, Vijay R. Panchal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00943-1
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author Rupesh Kumar Tipu
Preeti Rathi
Kartik S. Pandya
Vijay R. Panchal
author_facet Rupesh Kumar Tipu
Preeti Rathi
Kartik S. Pandya
Vijay R. Panchal
author_sort Rupesh Kumar Tipu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The proposed framework unites deep neural networks (DNNs) together with multi-objective optimization for designing environmentally friendly concrete mixes. A DNN model receives training through a wide dataset which includes multiple mix parameters along with curing conditions for accurate compressive strength prediction. The Bayesian hyperparameter tuning technique produces an optimal network configuration which delivers an average $$R^2$$ of 0.936 together with an RMSE of 5.71 MPa during 5-fold cross-validation. The Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm finds multiple optimal solutions which simultaneously optimize three competing objectives that include strength maximization and cost minimization and cement reduction. The optimized mix designs surpassed 50 MPa compressive strength through cement reduction of up to 25% which led to a total cost reduction of 15% compared to standard mix designs. The analysis of feature importance shows cement content together with concrete age serve as the main factors that affect strength measurements. The integrated data-driven method provides reliable decision-support tools to practitioners who need cost-effective sustainable mix designs through its identification of feasible trade-offs. The proposed methodology delivers new understandings of green concrete technology through optimal proportion discoveries that boost strength and save costs while decreasing environmental impact for direct application in real construction settings.
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spelling doaj-art-91cee8a8ae024616a616c0759fc3fe4e2025-08-20T03:09:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115112610.1038/s41598-025-00943-1Optimizing sustainable blended concrete mixes using deep learning and multi-objective optimizationRupesh Kumar Tipu0Preeti Rathi1Kartik S. Pandya2Vijay R. Panchal3Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology, K. R. Mangalam UniversityDepartment of Computer Science & Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology, K. R. Mangalam UniversityElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology (PIET)M. S. Patel Department of Civil Engineering, Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology (CSPIT), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT CampusAbstract The proposed framework unites deep neural networks (DNNs) together with multi-objective optimization for designing environmentally friendly concrete mixes. A DNN model receives training through a wide dataset which includes multiple mix parameters along with curing conditions for accurate compressive strength prediction. The Bayesian hyperparameter tuning technique produces an optimal network configuration which delivers an average $$R^2$$ of 0.936 together with an RMSE of 5.71 MPa during 5-fold cross-validation. The Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm finds multiple optimal solutions which simultaneously optimize three competing objectives that include strength maximization and cost minimization and cement reduction. The optimized mix designs surpassed 50 MPa compressive strength through cement reduction of up to 25% which led to a total cost reduction of 15% compared to standard mix designs. The analysis of feature importance shows cement content together with concrete age serve as the main factors that affect strength measurements. The integrated data-driven method provides reliable decision-support tools to practitioners who need cost-effective sustainable mix designs through its identification of feasible trade-offs. The proposed methodology delivers new understandings of green concrete technology through optimal proportion discoveries that boost strength and save costs while decreasing environmental impact for direct application in real construction settings.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00943-1Green ConcreteDeep LearningMulti-Objective OptimizationEnvironmental ImpactCompressive Strength
spellingShingle Rupesh Kumar Tipu
Preeti Rathi
Kartik S. Pandya
Vijay R. Panchal
Optimizing sustainable blended concrete mixes using deep learning and multi-objective optimization
Scientific Reports
Green Concrete
Deep Learning
Multi-Objective Optimization
Environmental Impact
Compressive Strength
title Optimizing sustainable blended concrete mixes using deep learning and multi-objective optimization
title_full Optimizing sustainable blended concrete mixes using deep learning and multi-objective optimization
title_fullStr Optimizing sustainable blended concrete mixes using deep learning and multi-objective optimization
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing sustainable blended concrete mixes using deep learning and multi-objective optimization
title_short Optimizing sustainable blended concrete mixes using deep learning and multi-objective optimization
title_sort optimizing sustainable blended concrete mixes using deep learning and multi objective optimization
topic Green Concrete
Deep Learning
Multi-Objective Optimization
Environmental Impact
Compressive Strength
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00943-1
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AT kartikspandya optimizingsustainableblendedconcretemixesusingdeeplearningandmultiobjectiveoptimization
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