Role of macrophages in neuroimmune regulation

Macrophages, as essential components of the immune system, play pivotal roles in regulating neuroimmune interactions. These cells exist in two primary forms: tissue-resident macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), each exhibiting distinct functions in neuroimmune responses. Tissue-resid...

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Main Authors: Hairong Xiao, Kai Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1573174/full
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author Hairong Xiao
Hairong Xiao
Hairong Xiao
Kai Yang
Kai Yang
Kai Yang
author_facet Hairong Xiao
Hairong Xiao
Hairong Xiao
Kai Yang
Kai Yang
Kai Yang
author_sort Hairong Xiao
collection DOAJ
description Macrophages, as essential components of the immune system, play pivotal roles in regulating neuroimmune interactions. These cells exist in two primary forms: tissue-resident macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), each exhibiting distinct functions in neuroimmune responses. Tissue-resident macrophages maintain tissue homeostasis and act as the first line of defense against pathogens, while MDMs are recruited during inflammation, performing both phagocytic and immunomodulatory functions. Despite the recognized roles of these macrophage populations in systemic immunity, their specific contributions to neuroimmune regulation remain poorly understood. This review aims to elucidate the differential roles of tissue-resident macrophages and MDMs in the neuroimmune pathway. We explore their mechanisms of activation, interaction with other immune cells, and involvement in inflammatory processes within the central nervous system (CNS). By identifying the distinct and overlapping functions of these macrophage populations, this review may provide novel insights into therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating neuroimmune responses, particularly in the context of neuroinflammatory disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases.
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institution Kabale University
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-91c874c3e5b145238f735b39c37f41062025-08-20T03:31:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-06-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15731741573174Role of macrophages in neuroimmune regulationHairong Xiao0Hairong Xiao1Hairong Xiao2Kai Yang3Kai Yang4Kai Yang5Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaInstitute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaInstitute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, ChinaMacrophages, as essential components of the immune system, play pivotal roles in regulating neuroimmune interactions. These cells exist in two primary forms: tissue-resident macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), each exhibiting distinct functions in neuroimmune responses. Tissue-resident macrophages maintain tissue homeostasis and act as the first line of defense against pathogens, while MDMs are recruited during inflammation, performing both phagocytic and immunomodulatory functions. Despite the recognized roles of these macrophage populations in systemic immunity, their specific contributions to neuroimmune regulation remain poorly understood. This review aims to elucidate the differential roles of tissue-resident macrophages and MDMs in the neuroimmune pathway. We explore their mechanisms of activation, interaction with other immune cells, and involvement in inflammatory processes within the central nervous system (CNS). By identifying the distinct and overlapping functions of these macrophage populations, this review may provide novel insights into therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating neuroimmune responses, particularly in the context of neuroinflammatory disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1573174/fullmacrophagesneuroimmuneMDMCNStissue-resident macrophages
spellingShingle Hairong Xiao
Hairong Xiao
Hairong Xiao
Kai Yang
Kai Yang
Kai Yang
Role of macrophages in neuroimmune regulation
Frontiers in Immunology
macrophages
neuroimmune
MDM
CNS
tissue-resident macrophages
title Role of macrophages in neuroimmune regulation
title_full Role of macrophages in neuroimmune regulation
title_fullStr Role of macrophages in neuroimmune regulation
title_full_unstemmed Role of macrophages in neuroimmune regulation
title_short Role of macrophages in neuroimmune regulation
title_sort role of macrophages in neuroimmune regulation
topic macrophages
neuroimmune
MDM
CNS
tissue-resident macrophages
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1573174/full
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AT kaiyang roleofmacrophagesinneuroimmuneregulation
AT kaiyang roleofmacrophagesinneuroimmuneregulation
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