Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, Treatment Strategies, and Future Perspectives
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a significant public health issue, with diagnosis often complicated by non-specific symptoms and limited access to specialised tools. Early detection is vital for preventing long-term complications. The review examines diagnostic challenges, prognostic factors, mana...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/5/581 |
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| author | Mohd Afzal Shagun Agarwal Rabab H. Elshaikh Asaad M. A. Babker Ranjay Kumar Choudhary Pranav Kumar Prabhakar Farhana Zahir Ashok Kumar Sah |
| author_facet | Mohd Afzal Shagun Agarwal Rabab H. Elshaikh Asaad M. A. Babker Ranjay Kumar Choudhary Pranav Kumar Prabhakar Farhana Zahir Ashok Kumar Sah |
| author_sort | Mohd Afzal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a significant public health issue, with diagnosis often complicated by non-specific symptoms and limited access to specialised tools. Early detection is vital for preventing long-term complications. The review examines diagnostic challenges, prognostic factors, management strategies, and future advancements in CO poisoning. It highlights the limitations of current diagnostic techniques such as blood carboxyhaemoglobin levels and pulse CO-oximetry, while exploring emerging methods for rapid detection. Prognosis is influenced by exposure severity and delayed treatment, which increases the risk of neurological damage. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) remains the primary treatment but is not always accessible. Advances in portable CO-oximeters and biomarkers offer potential for improved early diagnosis and monitoring. Addressing resource limitations and refining treatment protocols are crucial for better patient outcomes. Future research should focus on personalised management strategies and the integration of modern technologies to enhance care. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-91c05d645c1941149d6096007f98cc5f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-91c05d645c1941149d6096007f98cc5f2025-08-20T02:52:45ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-02-0115558110.3390/diagnostics15050581Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, Treatment Strategies, and Future PerspectivesMohd Afzal0Shagun Agarwal1Rabab H. Elshaikh2Asaad M. A. Babker3Ranjay Kumar Choudhary4Pranav Kumar Prabhakar5Farhana Zahir6Ashok Kumar Sah7Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Arogyam Institute of Paramedical & Allied Sciences (Affiliated to H.N.B.Uttarakhand Medical Education University), Roorkee 247661, IndiaSchool of Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, IndiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied & Health Sciences, A’ Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, OmanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122412, IndiaParul Institute of Applied Sciences & Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, IndiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied & Health Sciences, A’ Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, OmanCarbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a significant public health issue, with diagnosis often complicated by non-specific symptoms and limited access to specialised tools. Early detection is vital for preventing long-term complications. The review examines diagnostic challenges, prognostic factors, management strategies, and future advancements in CO poisoning. It highlights the limitations of current diagnostic techniques such as blood carboxyhaemoglobin levels and pulse CO-oximetry, while exploring emerging methods for rapid detection. Prognosis is influenced by exposure severity and delayed treatment, which increases the risk of neurological damage. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) remains the primary treatment but is not always accessible. Advances in portable CO-oximeters and biomarkers offer potential for improved early diagnosis and monitoring. Addressing resource limitations and refining treatment protocols are crucial for better patient outcomes. Future research should focus on personalised management strategies and the integration of modern technologies to enhance care.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/5/581carbon monoxide poisoningbiomarkershyperbaric oxygenationpublic health |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Afzal Shagun Agarwal Rabab H. Elshaikh Asaad M. A. Babker Ranjay Kumar Choudhary Pranav Kumar Prabhakar Farhana Zahir Ashok Kumar Sah Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, Treatment Strategies, and Future Perspectives Diagnostics carbon monoxide poisoning biomarkers hyperbaric oxygenation public health |
| title | Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, Treatment Strategies, and Future Perspectives |
| title_full | Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, Treatment Strategies, and Future Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, Treatment Strategies, and Future Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, Treatment Strategies, and Future Perspectives |
| title_short | Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, Treatment Strategies, and Future Perspectives |
| title_sort | carbon monoxide poisoning diagnosis prognostic factors treatment strategies and future perspectives |
| topic | carbon monoxide poisoning biomarkers hyperbaric oxygenation public health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/5/581 |
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