Toxoplasma gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt: a comparative seroepidemiological study in Upper and Lower Egypt
Toxoplasmosis remains a prevalent parasitic zoonosis worldwide, raising public health concerns. The global information available regarding the role of camels in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii is still limited. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of T. gondii in dromedary camels (Cam...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1508496/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832593944875106304 |
|---|---|
| author | Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Nady Khairy Elbarbary David Cano-Terriza David Cano-Terriza Tomás Fajardo Nada Oudah Albalawi Débora Jiménez-Martín Marwa M. I. Ghallab Ahmed Gareh Refaat Ras Refaat Ras Isabelle Villena Sabry A. S. Sadek Hajar AlQadeeb Hind Alzaylaee Sonia Almería Ignacio García-Bocanegra Ignacio García-Bocanegra |
| author_facet | Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Nady Khairy Elbarbary David Cano-Terriza David Cano-Terriza Tomás Fajardo Nada Oudah Albalawi Débora Jiménez-Martín Marwa M. I. Ghallab Ahmed Gareh Refaat Ras Refaat Ras Isabelle Villena Sabry A. S. Sadek Hajar AlQadeeb Hind Alzaylaee Sonia Almería Ignacio García-Bocanegra Ignacio García-Bocanegra |
| author_sort | Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toxoplasmosis remains a prevalent parasitic zoonosis worldwide, raising public health concerns. The global information available regarding the role of camels in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii is still limited. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of T. gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from northern and southern Egypt. A total of 513 serum samples were obtained from camels across Cairo (Lower Egypt) and Aswan (Upper Egypt) governorates. The Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) was performed to screen for anti-T. gondii antibodies. The overall seroprevalence was 13.84% (71/513; 95CI%:10.85–16.83). The bivariate analysis showed that animals aged 4–8 years (13.84%, 36/260) and older than 8 years (18.45%, 31/168) showed significantly higher seropositivity compared to those young individuals (≤ 4 years old) (p = 0.011). Additionally, the multiple logistic regression analysis highlighted the geographic region as a potential risk factor for T. gondii exposure. Thus, camels from Lower Egypt had significantly higher seroprevalence of T. gondii (19.92%, 51/256) compared to those from Upper Egypt (7.78%; 20/257; p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.70–5.10). Our results provide evidence of moderate, widespread, and heterogeneous spatial distribution of T. gondii among camel populations in Egypt, which might have important implications for animal and public health in that country. Surveillance and control programs should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure of T. gondii in camels. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-91a19fb1aeac4b059ab40ba18c779b48 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-91a19fb1aeac4b059ab40ba18c779b482025-01-20T07:19:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-01-011110.3389/fvets.2024.15084961508496Toxoplasma gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt: a comparative seroepidemiological study in Upper and Lower EgyptEhab Kotb Elmahallawy0Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy1Nady Khairy Elbarbary2David Cano-Terriza3David Cano-Terriza4Tomás Fajardo5Nada Oudah Albalawi6Débora Jiménez-Martín7Marwa M. I. Ghallab8Ahmed Gareh9Refaat Ras10Refaat Ras11Isabelle Villena12Sabry A. S. Sadek13Hajar AlQadeeb14Hind Alzaylaee15Sonia Almería16Ignacio García-Bocanegra17Ignacio García-Bocanegra18Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, EgyptDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainCIBERINFEC, ISCIII CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Alula, Saudi ArabiaDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, EgyptDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, EgyptDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt0University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UR 7510, National Reference Centre for Toxoplasmosis, Laboratory of Parasitology, Reims Hospital, Reims, France1Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt2Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia3Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia4Virology and Parasitology Branch, Division of Food and Environmental Safety, Office of Applied Microbiology and Technology (OAMT), Office of Laboratory Operations and Applied Sciences (OLOAS), Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Laurel, MD, United StatesDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainCIBERINFEC, ISCIII CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainToxoplasmosis remains a prevalent parasitic zoonosis worldwide, raising public health concerns. The global information available regarding the role of camels in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii is still limited. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of T. gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from northern and southern Egypt. A total of 513 serum samples were obtained from camels across Cairo (Lower Egypt) and Aswan (Upper Egypt) governorates. The Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) was performed to screen for anti-T. gondii antibodies. The overall seroprevalence was 13.84% (71/513; 95CI%:10.85–16.83). The bivariate analysis showed that animals aged 4–8 years (13.84%, 36/260) and older than 8 years (18.45%, 31/168) showed significantly higher seropositivity compared to those young individuals (≤ 4 years old) (p = 0.011). Additionally, the multiple logistic regression analysis highlighted the geographic region as a potential risk factor for T. gondii exposure. Thus, camels from Lower Egypt had significantly higher seroprevalence of T. gondii (19.92%, 51/256) compared to those from Upper Egypt (7.78%; 20/257; p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.70–5.10). Our results provide evidence of moderate, widespread, and heterogeneous spatial distribution of T. gondii among camel populations in Egypt, which might have important implications for animal and public health in that country. Surveillance and control programs should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure of T. gondii in camels.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1508496/fullToxoplasma gondiicamelsserosurveymodified agglutination testEgypt |
| spellingShingle | Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Nady Khairy Elbarbary David Cano-Terriza David Cano-Terriza Tomás Fajardo Nada Oudah Albalawi Débora Jiménez-Martín Marwa M. I. Ghallab Ahmed Gareh Refaat Ras Refaat Ras Isabelle Villena Sabry A. S. Sadek Hajar AlQadeeb Hind Alzaylaee Sonia Almería Ignacio García-Bocanegra Ignacio García-Bocanegra Toxoplasma gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt: a comparative seroepidemiological study in Upper and Lower Egypt Frontiers in Veterinary Science Toxoplasma gondii camels serosurvey modified agglutination test Egypt |
| title | Toxoplasma gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt: a comparative seroepidemiological study in Upper and Lower Egypt |
| title_full | Toxoplasma gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt: a comparative seroepidemiological study in Upper and Lower Egypt |
| title_fullStr | Toxoplasma gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt: a comparative seroepidemiological study in Upper and Lower Egypt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxoplasma gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt: a comparative seroepidemiological study in Upper and Lower Egypt |
| title_short | Toxoplasma gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt: a comparative seroepidemiological study in Upper and Lower Egypt |
| title_sort | toxoplasma gondii in dromedary camels camelus dromedarius in egypt a comparative seroepidemiological study in upper and lower egypt |
| topic | Toxoplasma gondii camels serosurvey modified agglutination test Egypt |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1508496/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ehabkotbelmahallawy toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT ehabkotbelmahallawy toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT nadykhairyelbarbary toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT davidcanoterriza toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT davidcanoterriza toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT tomasfajardo toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT nadaoudahalbalawi toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT deborajimenezmartin toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT marwamighallab toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT ahmedgareh toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT refaatras toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT refaatras toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT isabellevillena toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT sabryassadek toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT hajaralqadeeb toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT hindalzaylaee toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT soniaalmeria toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT ignaciogarciabocanegra toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt AT ignaciogarciabocanegra toxoplasmagondiiindromedarycamelscamelusdromedariusinegyptacomparativeseroepidemiologicalstudyinupperandloweregypt |